Abstract
Soil solarization was applied for a field which was planted with infected banana seedlings. Spreading transparent plastic sheets of 80µ thickness was done from August, 1 until October 12, 2017 at the University Farm in Jordan Valley. Soil solarization was effective in elimination of all phytopathogenic propagules at 30 cm depth. Then clear plastic sheets were removed and the solarized land was planted with healthy banana seedlings cultivar Grand Naine. Banana plantlets were chemically treated as soil drench with Nanoparticle solution of 200 and 400 ppm of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs), two fungicides, Revanol and Tachigaren, Sodium Hypochlorite in addition of irrigation of one treatment with treated wastewater. Biological control included three treatments; Endomycorrhiza, Trichoderma as a commercial product (BioHealth) and plant growth promoting rhizo-bacteria. Fresh chicken and sheep manure was added to two treatments. Twelve treatments were distributed randomly in randomized complete block design. Endomycorrhizal inoculation with Glomus mosseae, 200 ppm of AgNPs, Revanol and Tachigaren treatments of banana seedlings were the most effective in completely protecting banana plants from Fusarium wilt during the whole experimental period. Several applications of Trichoderma, wastewater and 400 ppm of AgNPs were effective in maintaining some infected banana seedlings nine months after planting very healthy. Sheep and chicken manure treatments resulted with 60 and 40% disease incidence with Fusarium wilt respectively and 20% of disease incidence in Hypex, PGPR and control treatments. Wastewater, Nanoparticles 200 ppm and endomycorhizal treatments gave the highest ratio of sword sucker development. We recommend soil solarization and use of integrated program to control Panama disease of banana in Jordan.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Soil solarization eliminated all phytopathogenic propagules at 30 cm depth in the banana field.
- Taxon
- Bananat0
- Treatment
- Soil solarizatione1
- Outcome
- elimination of all phytopathogenic propagulese1
- Qualifier
- 30 cm depthe1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e1“Soil solarization was effective in elimination of all phytopathogenic propagules at 30 cm depth”
t0“Banana”
Claim · model-written summary
Endomycorrhizal inoculation with Glomus mosseae was among the most effective treatments, completely protecting banana plants from Fusarium wilt throughout the experiment.
- Taxon
- bananae1
- Treatment
- Endomycorrhizal inoculation with Glomus mosseaee1
- Second interactor
- Glomus mosseae
Funneliformis mosseaee1biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- completely protecting banana plants from Fusarium wilte1
- Direction
- most effectivee1
FusariumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Endomycorrhizal inoculation with Glomus mosseae, 200 ppm of AgNPs, Revanol and Tachigaren treatments of banana seedlings were the most effective in completely protecting banana plants from Fusarium wilt during the whole experimental period”
Claim · model-written summary
200 ppm of AgNPs was among the most effective treatments, completely protecting banana plants from Fusarium wilt throughout the experiment.
- Taxon
- bananae1
- Treatment
- 200 ppm of AgNPse1
- Outcome
- completely protecting banana plants from Fusarium wilte1
- Direction
- most effectivee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Endomycorrhizal inoculation with Glomus mosseae, 200 ppm of AgNPs, Revanol and Tachigaren treatments of banana seedlings were the most effective in completely protecting banana plants from Fusarium wilt during the whole experimental period”
Claim · model-written summary
Revanol was among the most effective treatments, completely protecting banana plants from Fusarium wilt throughout the experiment.
- Taxon
- bananae1
- Treatment
- Revanole1
- Outcome
- completely protecting banana plants from Fusarium wilte1
- Direction
- most effectivee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Endomycorrhizal inoculation with Glomus mosseae, 200 ppm of AgNPs, Revanol and Tachigaren treatments of banana seedlings were the most effective in completely protecting banana plants from Fusarium wilt during the whole experimental period”
Claim · model-written summary
Tachigaren was among the most effective treatments, completely protecting banana plants from Fusarium wilt throughout the experiment.
- Taxon
- bananae1
- Treatment
- Tachigarene1
- Outcome
- completely protecting banana plants from Fusarium wilte1
- Direction
- most effectivee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Endomycorrhizal inoculation with Glomus mosseae, 200 ppm of AgNPs, Revanol and Tachigaren treatments of banana seedlings were the most effective in completely protecting banana plants from Fusarium wilt during the whole experimental period”
Claim · model-written summary
Several applications of Trichoderma were effective in keeping some infected banana seedlings very healthy nine months after planting.
- Taxon
- bananae1
- Treatment
- Trichodermae1
- Interactor
- Trichoderma
Trichodermae1biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- maintaining some infected banana seedlings nine months after planting very healthye1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Several applications of Trichoderma, wastewater and 400 ppm of AgNPs were effective in maintaining some infected banana seedlings nine months after planting very healthy”
Claim · model-written summary
Several applications of wastewater were effective in keeping some infected banana seedlings very healthy nine months after planting.
- Taxon
- bananae1
- Treatment
- wastewatere1
- Outcome
- maintaining some infected banana seedlings nine months after planting very healthye1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e1“Several applications of Trichoderma, wastewater and 400 ppm of AgNPs were effective in maintaining some infected banana seedlings nine months after planting very healthy”
Claim · model-written summary
Several applications of 400 ppm of AgNPs were effective in keeping some infected banana seedlings very healthy nine months after planting.
- Taxon
- bananae1
- Treatment
- 400 ppm of AgNPse1
- Outcome
- maintaining some infected banana seedlings nine months after planting very healthye1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e1“Several applications of Trichoderma, wastewater and 400 ppm of AgNPs were effective in maintaining some infected banana seedlings nine months after planting very healthy”
Claim · model-written summary
Sheep manure treatment resulted in 60 disease incidence of Fusarium wilt in banana, higher than the 20% in the control.
- Taxon
- Bananat0
- Treatment
- Sheepe1
- Outcome
- disease incidencee1
- Direction
- higherinferrede1
- Value
- 60e1
- Qualifier
- 20% of disease incidence in Hypex, PGPR and control treatmentse1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Sheep and chicken manure treatments resulted with 60 and 40% disease incidence with Fusarium wilt respectively and 20% of disease incidence in Hypex, PGPR and control treatments”
t0“Banana”
Claim · model-written summary
Chicken manure treatment resulted in 40% disease incidence of Fusarium wilt in banana, higher than the 20% in the control.
- Taxon
- Bananat0
- Treatment
- chicken manuree1
- Outcome
- disease incidencee1
- Direction
- higherinferrede1
- Value
- 40%e1
- Qualifier
- 20% of disease incidence in Hypex, PGPR and control treatmentse1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Sheep and chicken manure treatments resulted with 60 and 40% disease incidence with Fusarium wilt respectively and 20% of disease incidence in Hypex, PGPR and control treatments”
t0“Banana”
Claim · model-written summary
Hypex treatment showed 20% Fusarium wilt incidence in banana, the same as the control.
- Taxon
- Bananat0
- Treatment
- Hypexe1
- Outcome
- disease incidencee1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
- Value
- 20%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Sheep and chicken manure treatments resulted with 60 and 40% disease incidence with Fusarium wilt respectively and 20% of disease incidence in Hypex, PGPR and control treatments”
t0“Banana”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR treatment showed 20% Fusarium wilt incidence in banana, the same as the control.
- Taxon
- Bananat0
- Treatment
- PGPRe1
- Second interactor
- PGPRe1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease incidencee1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
- Value
- 20%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Sheep and chicken manure treatments resulted with 60 and 40% disease incidence with Fusarium wilt respectively and 20% of disease incidence in Hypex, PGPR and control treatments”
t0“Banana”
Claim · model-written summary
Wastewater gave the highest ratio of sword sucker development in banana.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“Wastewater, Nanoparticles 200 ppm and endomycorhizal treatments gave the highest ratio of sword sucker development”
t0“Banana”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoparticles 200 ppm gave the highest ratio of sword sucker development in banana.
- Taxon
- Bananat0
- Treatment
- Nanoparticles 200 ppme1
- Outcome
- ratio of sword sucker developmente1
- Direction
- higheste1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“Wastewater, Nanoparticles 200 ppm and endomycorhizal treatments gave the highest ratio of sword sucker development”
t0“Banana”
Claim · model-written summary
endomycorhizal treatments gave the highest ratio of sword sucker development in banana.
- Taxon
- Bananat0
- Treatment
- endomycorhizal treatmentse1
- Outcome
- ratio of sword sucker developmente1
- Direction
- higheste1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“Wastewater, Nanoparticles 200 ppm and endomycorhizal treatments gave the highest ratio of sword sucker development”
t0“Banana”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend soil solarization and an integrated program to control Panama disease of banana in Jordan.
Verbatim
e1“We recommend soil solarization and use of integrated program to control Panama disease of banana in Jordan”
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