Abstract
Summary The late embryogenesis‐abundant ( Lea ) genes, which are suggested to act as desiccation protectants during seed desiccation and in water‐stressed seedlings, can be induced by abscisic acid (ABA) and various kinds of water‐related stress. Using cotton Lea cDNAs as probes it was found that several of the Lea genes are conserved at the mRNA level in dicots and monocots. By screening a barley cDNA library with a cotton Lea D19 cDNA a family of three members was isolated. The putative B19 proteins have strong similarities to the Em protein in wheat and to LEA proteins from several dicots. However, the middle part of the B19 proteins consists of a 20‐amino acid motif repeated three and four times in B19.3 and B19.4, respectively, but only once in B19.1. The gene products are strongly hydrophilic, the internal 20‐amino acid motif being the most hydrophilic part. This motif is found once in cotton Lea D19 but is repeated twice in cotton Lea D132, indicating that the repeats are universal among monocot and dicot B19‐like genes. The B19 genes are regulated similarly during embryo development, but to very different levels. In contrast, they are differentially regulated by ABA and various types of osmotic stress. In immature embryos all three genes are responsive to ABA and mannitol. However, B19.1 is also responsive to salt. Cold stress does not induce B19 mRNAs; only a stabilization of the transcript levels is seen. These results suggest that the responses to salt stress and exogenous ABA operate through different pathways.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Several cotton Lea genes were conserved at the mRNA level across dicots and monocots.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume1 - Gene
- Lea genese0
- Outcome
- conserved at the mRNA level in dicots and monocotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“several of the Lea genes are conserved at the mRNA level in dicots and monocots”
e1“cotton Lea cDNAs”
Claim · model-written summary
Screening a barley library isolated a three-member B19 family.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Gene
- Lea D19e0
- Outcome
- a family of three memberse0
- Value
- three memberse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“By screening a barley cDNA library with a cotton Lea D19 cDNA a family of three members was isolated”
Claim · model-written summary
B19 proteins were similar to wheat Em and dicot LEA proteins.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Gene
- B19 proteinse0
- Outcome
- strong similarities to the Em protein in wheat and to LEA proteins from several dicotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The putative B19 proteins have strong similarities to the Em protein in wheat and to LEA proteins from several dicots”
e1“barley cDNA library”
Claim · model-written summary
B19.3 had three repeats of the 20-amino acid motif.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Gene
- B19.3e0
- Outcome
- 20‐amino acid motif repeatede0
- Value
- threee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a 20‐amino acid motif repeated three and four times in B19.3 and B19.4, respectively, but only once in B19.1”
e1“barley cDNA library”
Claim · model-written summary
B19.4 had four repeats of the 20-amino acid motif.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Gene
- B19.4e0
- Outcome
- 20‐amino acid motif repeatede0
- Value
- foure0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a 20‐amino acid motif repeated three and four times in B19.3 and B19.4, respectively, but only once in B19.1”
e1“barley cDNA library”
Claim · model-written summary
B19.1 had one repeat of the 20-amino acid motif.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Gene
- B19.1e0
- Outcome
- 20‐amino acid motif repeatede0
- Value
- oncee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a 20‐amino acid motif repeated three and four times in B19.3 and B19.4, respectively, but only once in B19.1”
e1“barley cDNA library”
Claim · model-written summary
B19 gene products were strongly hydrophilic and their internal motif was most hydrophilic.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Gene
- B19e2
- Outcome
- strongly hydrophilice0
- Qualifier
- most hydrophilic parte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The gene products are strongly hydrophilic, the internal 20‐amino acid motif being the most hydrophilic part”
e1“barley cDNA library”
e2“B19 genes”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton Lea D19 contained the motif once.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Gene
- Lea D19e0
- Outcome
- motif is founde0
- Value
- oncee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This motif is found once in cotton Lea D19 but is repeated twice in cotton Lea D132”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton Lea D132 contained the motif twice.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Gene
- Lea D132e0
- Outcome
- motif is founde0
- Value
- twicee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This motif is found once in cotton Lea D19 but is repeated twice in cotton Lea D132”
Claim · model-written summary
B19 genes were similarly regulated during embryo development, at different levels.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Organ / stage
- embryoe0
- Gene
- B19 genese0
- Outcome
- regulated similarly during embryo developmente0
- Qualifier
- very different levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The B19 genes are regulated similarly during embryo development, but to very different levels”
e1“barley cDNA library”
Claim · model-written summary
All three B19 genes responded to ABA in immature embryos.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Organ / stage
- immature embryose0
- Treatment
- ABAe0
- Gene
- B19 genese2
- Outcome
- responsivee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In immature embryos all three genes are responsive to ABA and mannitol”
e1“barley cDNA library”
e2“B19 genes”
Claim · model-written summary
All three B19 genes responded to mannitol in immature embryos.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Organ / stage
- immature embryose0
- Treatment
- mannitole0
- Gene
- B19 genese2
- Outcome
- responsivee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In immature embryos all three genes are responsive to ABA and mannitol”
e1“barley cDNA library”
e2“B19 genes”
Claim · model-written summary
B19.1 also responded to salt.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- salte0
- Gene
- B19.1e0
- Outcome
- responsivee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B19.1 is also responsive to salt”
e1“barley cDNA library”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold stress did not induce B19 mRNAs.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- Cold stresse0
- Gene
- B19 mRNAse0
- Outcome
- induce B19 mRNAse0
- Direction
- does not inducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cold stress does not induce B19 mRNAs”
e1“barley cDNA library”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold stress stabilized B19 transcript levels.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- Cold stresse3
- Gene
- B19e2
- Outcome
- transcript levelse0
- Direction
- stabilizatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only a stabilization of the transcript levels is seen”
e1“barley cDNA library”
e2“B19 mRNAs”
e3“Cold stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt and exogenous ABA responses may use different pathways.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- salt stress and exogenous ABAe0
- Outcome
- different pathwayse0
- Qualifier
- responsese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the responses to salt stress and exogenous ABA operate through different pathways”
e1“barley cDNA library”
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