Abstract
Fumonisins are mycotoxins (MTs) produced mainly by the fungus Fusarium verticillioides, the main pathogens of maize which cause ear rot. The aim of this work was to evaluate some factors that may lead to high fumonisin production by F. verticillioides in maize grains, correlating the pathogen inoculation method with different genotypes grown in four Brazilian states. Experiments were conducted in 2015–2016 in maize crops from experimental maize fields located in four distinct states of Brazil. Results showed that contamination by fumonisin mycotoxins occurred even on symptomatic or asymptomatic grains. In all municipalities, the samples showed levels of fumonisin B1 that were higher than would be tolerable for the human consumption of corn products (the current tolerance limit for fumonisin is 1.5 μg g−1). High severity of grains infected with F. verticillioides does not always show high concentrations of fumonisins. Environments with higher temperatures may influence the production of high concentrations of fumonisin in maize hybrids. Spray inoculation methods and inoculation at the center of spikes did not influence fumonisin concentrations. Results showed that the hybrids P3630H, P32R48 and P3250 presented higher disease severity, as well as higher mycotoxin levels in the studied locations with higher temperatures.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Fumonisin contamination occurred in symptomatic and asymptomatic maize grains.
- Organ / stage
- grainse0
- Interactor
- Fusarium verticillioides
Fusarium verticillioidese2pathogen - Outcome
- contamination by fumonisin mycotoxinse0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“contamination by fumonisin mycotoxins occurred even on symptomatic or asymptomatic grains.”
e1“maize grains”
e2“Fumonisins are mycotoxins (MTs) produced mainly by the fungus Fusarium verticillioides”
Claim · model-written summary
All municipalities had fumonisin B1 levels above the consumption tolerance limit.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In all municipalities, the samples showed levels of fumonisin B1 that were higher than would be tolerable for the human consumption of corn products (the current tolerance limit for fumonisin is 1.5 μg g−1).”
e1“maize grains”
Claim · model-written summary
High grain infection severity did not always correspond to high fumonisin concentration.
- Interactor
- F. verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidese0pathogen
- Outcome
- concentrations of fumonisinse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High severity of grains infected with F. verticillioides does not always show high concentrations of fumonisins.”
e1“maize grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher-temperature environments may influence high fumonisin production in maize hybrids.
- Material
- maize hybridse0
- Outcome
- production of high concentrations of fumonisine0
- Setting
- Environments with higher temperaturese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Environments with higher temperatures may influence the production of high concentrations of fumonisin in maize hybrids.”
Claim · model-written summary
Spray inoculation did not influence fumonisin concentration.
- Treatment
- Spray inoculation methodse0
- Interactor
- F. verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidese2pathogen
- Outcome
- fumonisin concentrationse0
- Direction
- did not influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spray inoculation methods and inoculation at the center of spikes did not influence fumonisin concentrations.”
e1“maize grains”
e2“High severity of grains infected with F. verticillioides”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation at spike centers did not influence fumonisin concentration.
- Treatment
- inoculation at the center of spikese0
- Interactor
- F. verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidese2pathogen
- Outcome
- fumonisin concentrationse0
- Direction
- did not influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spray inoculation methods and inoculation at the center of spikes did not influence fumonisin concentrations.”
e1“maize grains”
e2“High severity of grains infected with F. verticillioides”
Claim · model-written summary
P3630H, P32R48 and P3250 had higher disease severity in warmer studied locations.
- Material
- P3630H, P32R48 and P3250e0
- Interactor
- F. verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidese2pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Setting
- studied locations with higher temperaturese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the hybrids P3630H, P32R48 and P3250 presented higher disease severity, as well as higher mycotoxin levels in the studied locations with higher temperatures.”
e1“maize grains”
e2“High severity of grains infected with F. verticillioides”
Claim · model-written summary
P3630H, P32R48 and P3250 had higher mycotoxin levels in warmer studied locations.
- Material
- P3630H, P32R48 and P3250e0
- Outcome
- mycotoxin levelse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Setting
- studied locations with higher temperaturese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the hybrids P3630H, P32R48 and P3250 presented higher disease severity, as well as higher mycotoxin levels in the studied locations with higher temperatures.”
e1“maize grains”
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See all 25 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.