Abstract
To ascertain the influence of wheat stubble management options and chemical weed control methods on weed growth and productivity of dry direct-seeded fine rice, a two years' field study was undertaken at the Agronomic Research Farm, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan in 2013 and 2014. Different wheat stubble management methods, viz., incorporation, burning and retention were executed during seed-bed preparation. While, herbicide treatments comprised of a weed check, weed free, pendimethalin followed by tank mixture of fenoxaprop p-ethyl+ethoxysulfuron ethyl, and bispyribac sodium followed by tank mixture of fenoxaprop p-ethyl+ethoxysulfuron ethyl. Results revealed that weed control efficacy of both herbicide treatments ranged from 84 to 94%. Herbicide treatments significantly reduced weed density (88–90%) and dry weight (86–88%), while improved the rice growth attributes compared with weed check. Application of bispyribac sodium followed by tank mixture of fenoxaprop p-ethyl+ethoxysulfuron ethyl in stubble retention recorded 226 and 273% increase in kernel yield over weedy check in 2013 and 2014, respectively. In stubble incorporation, pendimethalin followed by tank mixture of fenoxaprop p-ethyl+ethoxysulfuron ethyl was more effective in increasing (256–293%) rice yields over weedy check. Among different treatment combinations, the maximum net benefits (1397.49–1472.22 USD ha−1), net returns (636–700 USD ha−1), benefit cost ratio (1.77–1.83) and marginal rate of return (2187–2330%) were recorded with the application of bispyribac sodium followed by fenoxaprop p-ethyl+ethoxysulfuron ethyl in stubble retention. In crux, application of bispyribac sodium followed by tank mixture of fenoxaprop p-ethyl+ethoxysulfuron ethyl in stubble retention is efficient approach to control weeds, and get maximum rice productivity and net economic returns under dry seeded system.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide treatments significantly reduced weed density by 88–90% compared with weed check.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- Herbicide treatmentse1
- Interactor
- weede1weed
- Outcome
- weed densitye1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 88–90%e1
- Comparator
- weed checke1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Weed growth, herbicide efficacy, and rice productivity in dry seeded paddy field”
e1“Herbicide treatments significantly reduced weed density (88–90%) and dry weight (86–88%), while improved the rice growth attributes compared with weed check”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide treatments significantly reduced weed dry weight by 86–88% compared with weed check.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Herbicide treatmentse1
- Interactor
- weede1weed
- Outcome
- dry weighte1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 86–88%e1
- Comparator
- weed checke1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Weed growth, herbicide efficacy, and rice productivity in dry seeded paddy field”
e1“Herbicide treatments significantly reduced weed density (88–90%) and dry weight (86–88%), while improved the rice growth attributes compared with weed check”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed control efficacy of both herbicide treatments ranged from 84 to 94%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- herbicide treatmentse3
- Interactor
- weede3weed
- Outcome
- weed control efficacye3
- Value
- 84 to 94%e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Weed growth, herbicide efficacy, and rice productivity in dry seeded paddy field”
e3“Results revealed that weed control efficacy of both herbicide treatments ranged from 84 to 94%”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2013, bispyribac sodium followed by a tank mixture in stubble retention increased kernel yield by 226% over weedy check.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- bispyribac sodium followed by tank mixture of fenoxaprop p-ethyl+ethoxysulfuron ethyl in stubble retentione4
- Outcome
- kernel yielde4
- Direction
- increasee4
- Value
- 226e4
- Qualifier
- 2013e4
- Comparator
- weedy checke4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Weed growth, herbicide efficacy, and rice productivity in dry seeded paddy field”
e4“Application of bispyribac sodium followed by tank mixture of fenoxaprop p-ethyl+ethoxysulfuron ethyl in stubble retention recorded 226 and 273% increase in kernel yield over weedy check in 2013 and 2014, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2014, bispyribac sodium followed by a tank mixture in stubble retention increased kernel yield by 273% over weedy check.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- bispyribac sodium followed by tank mixture of fenoxaprop p-ethyl+ethoxysulfuron ethyl in stubble retentione4
- Outcome
- kernel yielde4
- Direction
- increasee4
- Value
- 273%e4
- Qualifier
- 2014e4
- Comparator
- weedy checke4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Weed growth, herbicide efficacy, and rice productivity in dry seeded paddy field”
e4“Application of bispyribac sodium followed by tank mixture of fenoxaprop p-ethyl+ethoxysulfuron ethyl in stubble retention recorded 226 and 273% increase in kernel yield over weedy check in 2013 and 2014, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
In stubble incorporation, pendimethalin followed by a tank mixture increased rice yields by 256–293% over weedy check.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin followed by tank mixture of fenoxaprop p-ethyl+ethoxysulfuron ethyle5
- Outcome
- rice yieldse5
- Direction
- increasinge5
- Value
- 256–293%e5
- Qualifier
- stubble incorporatione5
- Comparator
- weedy checke5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Weed growth, herbicide efficacy, and rice productivity in dry seeded paddy field”
e5“In stubble incorporation, pendimethalin followed by tank mixture of fenoxaprop p-ethyl+ethoxysulfuron ethyl was more effective in increasing (256–293%) rice yields over weedy check”
Claim · model-written summary
Among treatment combinations, bispyribac sodium followed by a tank mixture in stubble retention gave the maximum net benefits.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- bispyribac sodium followed by fenoxaprop p-ethyl+ethoxysulfuron ethyl in stubble retentione6
- Outcome
- net benefitse6
- Direction
- maximume6
- Value
- 1397.49–1472.22 USD ha−1e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Weed growth, herbicide efficacy, and rice productivity in dry seeded paddy field”
e6“Among different treatment combinations, the maximum net benefits (1397.49–1472.22 USD ha−1), net returns (636–700 USD ha−1), benefit cost ratio (1.77–1.83) and marginal rate of return (2187–2330%) were recorded with the application of bispyribac sodium followed by fenoxaprop p-ethyl+ethoxysulfuron ethyl in stubble retention”
Claim · model-written summary
Among treatment combinations, bispyribac sodium followed by a tank mixture in stubble retention gave the maximum net returns.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- bispyribac sodium followed by fenoxaprop p-ethyl+ethoxysulfuron ethyl in stubble retentione6
- Outcome
- net returnse6
- Direction
- maximume6
- Value
- 636–700 USD ha−1e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Weed growth, herbicide efficacy, and rice productivity in dry seeded paddy field”
e6“Among different treatment combinations, the maximum net benefits (1397.49–1472.22 USD ha−1), net returns (636–700 USD ha−1), benefit cost ratio (1.77–1.83) and marginal rate of return (2187–2330%) were recorded with the application of bispyribac sodium followed by fenoxaprop p-ethyl+ethoxysulfuron ethyl in stubble retention”
Claim · model-written summary
Among treatment combinations, bispyribac sodium followed by a tank mixture in stubble retention gave the maximum benefit cost ratio of 1.77–1.83.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- bispyribac sodium followed by fenoxaprop p-ethyl+ethoxysulfuron ethyl in stubble retentione6
- Outcome
- benefit cost ratioe6
- Direction
- maximume6
- Value
- 1.77–1.83e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Weed growth, herbicide efficacy, and rice productivity in dry seeded paddy field”
e6“Among different treatment combinations, the maximum net benefits (1397.49–1472.22 USD ha−1), net returns (636–700 USD ha−1), benefit cost ratio (1.77–1.83) and marginal rate of return (2187–2330%) were recorded with the application of bispyribac sodium followed by fenoxaprop p-ethyl+ethoxysulfuron ethyl in stubble retention”
Claim · model-written summary
Among treatment combinations, bispyribac sodium followed by a tank mixture in stubble retention gave the maximum marginal rate of return of 2187–2330%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- bispyribac sodium followed by fenoxaprop p-ethyl+ethoxysulfuron ethyl in stubble retentione6
- Outcome
- marginal rate of returne6
- Direction
- maximume6
- Value
- 2187–2330%e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Weed growth, herbicide efficacy, and rice productivity in dry seeded paddy field”
e6“Among different treatment combinations, the maximum net benefits (1397.49–1472.22 USD ha−1), net returns (636–700 USD ha−1), benefit cost ratio (1.77–1.83) and marginal rate of return (2187–2330%) were recorded with the application of bispyribac sodium followed by fenoxaprop p-ethyl+ethoxysulfuron ethyl in stubble retention”
Claim · model-written summary
Bispyribac sodium followed by a tank mixture in stubble retention is an efficient approach to control weeds (authors recommendation).
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- bispyribac sodium followed by tank mixture of fenoxaprop p-ethyl+ethoxysulfuron ethyl in stubble retentione7
- Interactor
- weedse7weed
- Outcome
- control weedse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Weed growth, herbicide efficacy, and rice productivity in dry seeded paddy field”
e7“application of bispyribac sodium followed by tank mixture of fenoxaprop p-ethyl+ethoxysulfuron ethyl in stubble retention is efficient approach to control weeds, and get maximum rice productivity and net economic returns under dry seeded system”
Claim · model-written summary
Bispyribac sodium followed by a tank mixture in stubble retention gives maximum rice productivity and net economic returns under dry seeded system (authors recommendation).
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- bispyribac sodium followed by tank mixture of fenoxaprop p-ethyl+ethoxysulfuron ethyl in stubble retentione7
- Outcome
- maximum rice productivity and net economic returnse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Weed growth, herbicide efficacy, and rice productivity in dry seeded paddy field”
e7“application of bispyribac sodium followed by tank mixture of fenoxaprop p-ethyl+ethoxysulfuron ethyl in stubble retention is efficient approach to control weeds, and get maximum rice productivity and net economic returns under dry seeded system”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide treatments improved rice growth attributes compared with weed check.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Herbicide treatmentse1
- Outcome
- rice growth attributese1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Comparator
- weed checke1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Weed growth, herbicide efficacy, and rice productivity in dry seeded paddy field”
e1“Herbicide treatments significantly reduced weed density (88–90%) and dry weight (86–88%), while improved the rice growth attributes compared with weed check”
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See all 603 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.