Abstract
Marigold is one of the commercially exploited flower crop that belong to the family Asteraceae. Presently, in our country the commercial extraction of marigold carotenoids is becoming popular in many states. The production of economical yield and better quality of marigold flowers, requires proper crop management techniques. Crop regulation and flower forcing are important techniques to make the marigold production profitable. This can be done by adopting pinching and application of PGRs. Hence, an experiment was carried out in the Department of Horticulture, in factorial randamized block design replicated thrice with 14 treatments with two F1 hybrids viz., Gold Benz tall and Maxima yellow. The experiment comprised of GA3 @ 50, 100 and 150ppm, NAA @ 50, 100 and 150ppm, MH @ 250, 500 and 750ppm, Alar @ 200, 400 and 600ppm and pinching with untreated control. The study revealed that the growth parameter like plant height, number of laterals per plant, number of leaves per plant were significantly influenced by the application of GA3 and NAA. Among the varieties, Gold Benz tall performed better for all the growth attributes but var. Maxima yellow performed better for the number of laterals per plant. The plant sprayed with of GA3 @ 150ppm registered the maximum plant height (70.44cm), number of laterals per plant (16.13), number of leaves per plant (383.76) and leaf area (113.51cm2) and control evinced the least values in the growth parameters. Application of GA3 and NAA significantly enhanced flowering when compared to control, while pinching delayed flowering. The treatment of GA3 @ 150ppm in both Gold Benz tall (30.13 and 406.21 g plant-1) and Maxima yellow (33.16 and 402.83 g plant-1 recorded maximum number of flowers per plant and flower yield respectively as compared to control. Based on the above results, it is revealed that foliar spray of GA3 @ 150 ppm was found to be superior in increasing the yield of flowers in both the varieties.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 significantly affected plant height, laterals, and leaves.
- Taxon
- African marigold
Tagetes erectat0 - Treatment
- GA3e0
- Outcome
- plant height, number of laterals per plant, number of leaves per plante0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The study revealed that the growth parameter like plant height, number of laterals per plant, number of leaves per plant were significantly influenced by the application of GA3 and NAA.”
t0“African marigold”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA significantly affected plant height, laterals, and leaves.
- Taxon
- African marigoldTagetes erectat0
- Treatment
- NAAe0
- Outcome
- plant height, number of laterals per plant, number of leaves per plante0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The study revealed that the growth parameter like plant height, number of laterals per plant, number of leaves per plant were significantly influenced by the application of GA3 and NAA.”
t0“African marigold”
Claim · model-written summary
Gold Benz tall performed better for growth attributes.
- Taxon
- African marigoldTagetes erectat0
- Material
- Gold Benz talle0
- Outcome
- growth attributese0
- Direction
- bettere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gold Benz tall performed better for all the growth attributes”
t0“African marigold”
Claim · model-written summary
Maxima yellow performed better for laterals per plant.
- Taxon
- African marigoldTagetes erectat0
- Material
- Maxima yellowe0
- Outcome
- number of laterals per plante0
- Direction
- bettere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maxima yellow performed better for the number of laterals per plant.”
t0“African marigold”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 at 150ppm gave maximum plant height of 70.44cm.
- Taxon
- African marigoldTagetes erectat0
- Treatment
- GA3 @ 150ppme0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 70.44cme0
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA3 @ 150ppm registered the maximum plant height (70.44cm)”
t0“African marigold”
e1“control evinced the least values in the growth parameters.”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 at 150ppm gave maximum laterals per plant of 16.13.
- Taxon
- African marigoldTagetes erectat0
- Treatment
- GA3 @ 150ppme0
- Outcome
- number of laterals per plante0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 16.13e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA3 @ 150ppm registered the maximum plant height (70.44cm), number of laterals per plant (16.13)”
t0“African marigold”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 at 150ppm gave maximum leaves per plant of 383.76.
- Taxon
- African marigoldTagetes erectat0
- Treatment
- GA3 @ 150ppme0
- Outcome
- number of leaves per plante0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 383.76e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA3 @ 150ppm registered the maximum plant height (70.44cm), number of laterals per plant (16.13), number of leaves per plant (383.76)”
t0“African marigold”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 at 150ppm gave maximum leaf area of 113.51cm2.
- Taxon
- African marigoldTagetes erectat0
- Treatment
- GA3 @ 150ppme0
- Outcome
- leaf areae0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 113.51cm2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA3 @ 150ppm registered the maximum plant height (70.44cm), number of laterals per plant (16.13), number of leaves per plant (383.76) and leaf area (113.51cm2)”
t0“African marigold”
Claim · model-written summary
Controls had the least growth parameter values.
- Taxon
- African marigoldTagetes erectat0
- Treatment
- controle0
- Outcome
- growth parameterse0
- Direction
- leaste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“control evinced the least values in the growth parameters.”
t0“African marigold”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 significantly enhanced flowering relative to control.
- Taxon
- African marigoldTagetes erectat0
- Treatment
- GA3e0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of GA3 and NAA significantly enhanced flowering when compared to control”
t0“African marigold”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA significantly enhanced flowering relative to control.
- Taxon
- African marigoldTagetes erectat0
- Treatment
- NAAe0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of GA3 and NAA significantly enhanced flowering when compared to control”
t0“African marigold”
Claim · model-written summary
Pinching delayed flowering.
- Taxon
- African marigoldTagetes erectat0
- Treatment
- pinchinge0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pinching delayed flowering.”
t0“African marigold”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 at 150ppm gave Gold Benz tall 30.13 flowers per plant.
- Taxon
- African marigoldTagetes erectat0
- Material
- Gold Benz talle0
- Treatment
- GA3 @ 150ppme0
- Outcome
- number of flowers per plante0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 30.13e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA3 @ 150ppm in both Gold Benz tall (30.13 and 406.21 g plant-1) and Maxima yellow (33.16 and 402.83 g plant-1 recorded maximum number of flowers per plant and flower yield respectively as compared to control.”
t0“African marigold”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 at 150ppm gave Gold Benz tall flower yield of 406.21 g plant-1.
- Taxon
- African marigoldTagetes erectat0
- Material
- Gold Benz talle0
- Treatment
- GA3 @ 150ppme0
- Outcome
- flower yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 406.21 g plant-1e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA3 @ 150ppm in both Gold Benz tall (30.13 and 406.21 g plant-1) and Maxima yellow (33.16 and 402.83 g plant-1 recorded maximum number of flowers per plant and flower yield respectively as compared to control.”
t0“African marigold”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 at 150ppm gave Maxima yellow 33.16 flowers per plant.
- Taxon
- African marigoldTagetes erectat0
- Material
- Maxima yellowe0
- Treatment
- GA3 @ 150ppme0
- Outcome
- number of flowers per plante0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 33.16e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA3 @ 150ppm in both Gold Benz tall (30.13 and 406.21 g plant-1) and Maxima yellow (33.16 and 402.83 g plant-1 recorded maximum number of flowers per plant and flower yield respectively as compared to control.”
t0“African marigold”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 at 150ppm gave Maxima yellow flower yield of 402.83 g plant-1.
- Taxon
- African marigoldTagetes erectat0
- Material
- Maxima yellowe0
- Treatment
- GA3 @ 150ppme0
- Outcome
- flower yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 402.83 g plant-1e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA3 @ 150ppm in both Gold Benz tall (30.13 and 406.21 g plant-1) and Maxima yellow (33.16 and 402.83 g plant-1 recorded maximum number of flowers per plant and flower yield respectively as compared to control.”
t0“African marigold”
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