Abstract
Five Trichoderma species/strains, Trichoderma virens IMI-392430, T. pseudokoningii IMI-392431, T. harzianum IMI-392432, T. harzianum IMI-392433 and T. harzianum IMI-392434 were tested against anthracnose and fruit rot of chilli. Effect of Trichoderma species in suppressing anthracnose and fruit rot as well as the growth and yield of chilli were evaluated. Seven treatments consisting of five Trichoderma strains, one Colletotrichum capsici and control were used as seed treatments. Chilli seeds were treated with spore suspension or secondary metabolites of each Trichoderma species/strain and C. capsici separately. Mixture of suspension of each Trichoderma species/strain with C. capsici was also used as spore suspension or secondary metabolites. Percent fruit infection in the control treatment was found almost similar to the treatment that contained T. viridae and T. pseudokoningii spore suspension or secondary metabolites. T. harzianum strains alone suppressed fruit infection (%) significantly. Further all the Trichoderma species/strains reduced the fruit infection (%) than the diseased control even when seeds were treated with Trichoderma separately mixing with C. capsici. Spore suspension of T. harzianum IMI-392433 was found much more effective against C. capsici which suppressed 95.8% and 79.6 % fruit infection respectively under natural (without C. capsici) and high inoculum pressure of C. capsici. All the tested Trichoderma species/strains showed higher plant growth and increased fruit yield irrespective of rest of the treatments. It was found that Trichoderma strains control chilli fruit rot significantly but high inoculum pressure of C. capsici reduced fruit yield drastically. Among the treatments, spore suspension of T. harzianum IMI-392433 increased the fruit yield 83.6% and 76.5% per plant compared to spore suspension of C. capsici and control treatments, respectively. These results implied that T. harzianum IMI-392433 can effectively control fruit rot of chili caused by C. capsici through host resistance and antifungal metabolite activity. The fruit yield was increased due to the influence of T. harzianum IMI-392433 on vigorous physiological growth of plants as well as efficacy against the disease. The Agriculturists 2018; 16(2) 75-87
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit infection in the control treatment was almost similar to that with T. viridae and T. pseudokoningii spore suspension or secondary metabolites in chilli.
- Taxon
- chillie0
- Organ / stage
- fruite1
- Treatment
- T. viridae and T. pseudokoningii spore suspension or secondary metabolitese1
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum capsiciColletotrichum truncatumt0pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. viridaee1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Percent fruit infectione1
- Direction
- almost similare1
- Comparator
- control treatmente1
Verbatim
e0“tested against anthracnose and fruit rot of chilli”
e1“Percent fruit infection in the control treatment was found almost similar to the treatment that contained T. viridae and T. pseudokoningii spore suspension or secondary metabolites”
t0“Efficacy of Trichoderma against Colletotrichum capsici”
Claim · model-written summary
T. harzianum strains alone significantly suppressed fruit infection in chilli.
- Taxon
- chillie0
- Organ / stage
- fruite2
- Treatment
- T. harzianum strains alonee2
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum capsiciColletotrichum truncatumt0pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. harzianum strains
Trichoderma harzianume2biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- fruit infection (%)e2
- Direction
- suppressede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tested against anthracnose and fruit rot of chilli”
e2“T. harzianum strains alone suppressed fruit infection (%) significantly”
t0“Efficacy of Trichoderma against Colletotrichum capsici”
Claim · model-written summary
All Trichoderma species/strains reduced fruit infection relative to the diseased control in chilli, even when seeds were treated with Trichoderma mixed with C. capsici.
- Taxon
- chillie0
- Organ / stage
- fruite3
- Treatment
- Trichoderma species/strainse3
- Interactor
- C. capsiciColletotrichum truncatume3pathogen
- Second interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- fruit infection (%)e3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Comparator
- diseased controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tested against anthracnose and fruit rot of chilli”
e3“Further all the Trichoderma species/strains reduced the fruit infection (%) than the diseased control even when seeds were treated with Trichoderma separately mixing with C. capsici”
Claim · model-written summary
Spore suspension of T. harzianum IMI-392433 suppressed fruit infection by 95.8% under natural conditions without C. capsici.
- Taxon
- chillie0
- Organ / stage
- fruite5
- Treatment
- Spore suspension of T. harzianum IMI-392433e4
- Interactor
- C. capsiciColletotrichum truncatume4pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. harzianum IMI-392433Trichoderma harzianume4biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- fruit infectione5
- Direction
- suppressede5
- Value
- 95.8%e5
- Setting
- natural (without C. capsici)e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tested against anthracnose and fruit rot of chilli”
e4“Spore suspension of T. harzianum IMI-392433 was found much more effective against C. capsici”
e5“suppressed 95.8% and 79.6 % fruit infection respectively under natural (without C. capsici) and high inoculum pressure of C. capsici”
Claim · model-written summary
Spore suspension of T. harzianum IMI-392433 suppressed fruit infection by 79.6 % under high inoculum pressure of C. capsici.
- Taxon
- chillie0
- Organ / stage
- fruite5
- Treatment
- Spore suspension of T. harzianum IMI-392433e4
- Interactor
- C. capsiciColletotrichum truncatume4pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. harzianum IMI-392433Trichoderma harzianume4biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- fruit infectione5
- Direction
- suppressede5
- Value
- 79.6 %e5
- Setting
- high inoculum pressure of C. capsicie5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tested against anthracnose and fruit rot of chilli”
e4“Spore suspension of T. harzianum IMI-392433 was found much more effective against C. capsici”
e5“suppressed 95.8% and 79.6 % fruit infection respectively under natural (without C. capsici) and high inoculum pressure of C. capsici”
Claim · model-written summary
Spore suspension of T. harzianum IMI-392433 increased chilli fruit yield by 83.6% per plant compared with spore suspension of C. capsici.
- Taxon
- chillie0
- Organ / stage
- fruite6
- Treatment
- spore suspension of T. harzianum IMI-392433e6
- Interactor
- C. capsiciColletotrichum truncatume6pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. harzianum IMI-392433Trichoderma harzianume6biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- fruit yielde6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Value
- 83.6%e6
- Qualifier
- per plante6
- Comparator
- spore suspension of C. capsicie6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tested against anthracnose and fruit rot of chilli”
e6“spore suspension of T. harzianum IMI-392433 increased the fruit yield 83.6% and 76.5% per plant compared to spore suspension of C. capsici and control treatments, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Spore suspension of T. harzianum IMI-392433 increased chilli fruit yield by 76.5% per plant compared with control treatments.
- Taxon
- chillie0
- Organ / stage
- fruite6
- Treatment
- spore suspension of T. harzianum IMI-392433e6
- Interactor
- C. capsiciColletotrichum truncatume6pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. harzianum IMI-392433Trichoderma harzianume6biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- fruit yielde6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Value
- 76.5%e6
- Qualifier
- per plante6
- Comparator
- control treatmentse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tested against anthracnose and fruit rot of chilli”
e6“spore suspension of T. harzianum IMI-392433 increased the fruit yield 83.6% and 76.5% per plant compared to spore suspension of C. capsici and control treatments, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
All tested Trichoderma species/strains increased chilli plant growth relative to the rest of the treatments.
Verbatim
e0“tested against anthracnose and fruit rot of chilli”
e7“All the tested Trichoderma species/strains showed higher plant growth and increased fruit yield irrespective of rest of the treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
All tested Trichoderma species/strains increased chilli fruit yield relative to the rest of the treatments.
Verbatim
e0“tested against anthracnose and fruit rot of chilli”
e7“All the tested Trichoderma species/strains showed higher plant growth and increased fruit yield irrespective of rest of the treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma strains significantly controlled chilli fruit rot.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e7“It was found that Trichoderma strains control chilli fruit rot significantly but high inoculum pressure of C. capsici reduced fruit yield drastically”
Claim · model-written summary
High inoculum pressure of C. capsici drastically reduced chilli fruit yield.
- Taxon
- chillie7
- Treatment
- high inoculum pressure of C. capsicie7
- Interactor
- C. capsiciColletotrichum truncatume7pathogen
- Outcome
- fruit yielde7
- Direction
- reducede7
- Qualifier
- drasticallye7
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e7“It was found that Trichoderma strains control chilli fruit rot significantly but high inoculum pressure of C. capsici reduced fruit yield drastically”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors interpret that T. harzianum IMI-392433 controls chilli fruit rot caused by C. capsici through host resistance and antifungal metabolite activity.
Verbatim
e1“T. harzianum IMI-392433 can effectively control fruit rot of chili caused by C. capsici through host resistance and antifungal metabolite activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors interpret that the fruit yield increase from T. harzianum IMI-392433 results from vigorous physiological growth of plants and efficacy against the disease.
Verbatim
e0“tested against anthracnose and fruit rot of chilli”
e1“The fruit yield was increased due to the influence of T. harzianum IMI-392433 on vigorous physiological growth of plants as well as efficacy against the disease”
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See all 40 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.