Abstract
Damping off and fruit rot caused by Colletotrichum capsici are the major constraints in production and marketability of chilli. Systemic fungicides are commonly used to control this disease. However, continuous use of chemical fungicides leads to negative impact on environment, soil and human health. Therefore, present studies (blotter and pot experiment) were conducted to explore the bio-fungicides (as an alternative to chemical fungicide) in comparison with carbendazim using chilli seeds infected with Colletotrichum capsici. Experiments were conducted at the CCSHAU, Hisar, India during 2016 in completely randomized design with nine treatments replicated three times. Six months old seeds having germination above the Indian Minimum Seed Certification Standard, were infected with Colletotrichum capsici and such infected seeds were treated with Trichoderma asperellum, Trichoderma viridae, Pseudomonas fluorescens individually and their combinations to control the disease incidence. The infected, un-infected and seed treatment with carbendazim served as controls. Results revealed that the seed germination was significantly higher (94.7%) with Trichoderma viride treatment compared to all other treatments including controls in blotter method. However, the seedling emergence in pot culture was significantly superior with Carbendazim treatment, the seed treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma viridae was on par to that of Carbendazim treatment. The seedling length was significantly superior with Trichoderma viride compared to the carbendazim and other controls both in blotter and pot culture. The seedling dry weight and seedling vigour were significantly higher with carbendazim as compared to the Trichoderma viride treatment or other treatments in both blotter and pot culture. However, the overall seedling vigour obtained with Trichoderma viride was similar to that of carbendazim treatment. The disease incidence was significantly lower with Pseudomonas fluorescens as compared to the Trichoderma viride and carbendazim in blotter method and; T. viride + P. fluorescens treatment was on par to that of carbendazim treatment in pot culture. Therefore, use of Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas fluorescens individually or in combination are suggested as an alternative to carbendazim to control the Colletotrichum capsici.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma viride seed treatment gave significantly higher seed germination (94.7%) than all other treatments including controls in the blotter method.
- Taxon
- chillie0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma viridee2
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum capsiciColletotrichum truncatume0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Trichoderma viride
Trichoderma viridee2biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- seed germinatione2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 94.7%e2
- Comparator
- all other treatments including controlse2
- Setting
- blotter methode2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Damping off and fruit rot caused by Colletotrichum capsici are the major constraints in production and marketability of chilli”
e2“the seed germination was significantly higher (94.7%) with Trichoderma viride treatment compared to all other treatments including controls in blotter method”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbendazim gave significantly superior seedling emergence in pot culture.
- Taxon
- chillie0
- Treatment
- Carbendazime3
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum capsiciColletotrichum truncatume0pathogen
- Outcome
- seedling emergence in pot culturee3
- Direction
- superiore3
- Setting
- pot culturee3
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Damping off and fruit rot caused by Colletotrichum capsici are the major constraints in production and marketability of chilli”
e3“However, the seedling emergence in pot culture was significantly superior with Carbendazim treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma viridae was on par with carbendazim for seedling emergence in pot culture.
Verbatim
e0“Damping off and fruit rot caused by Colletotrichum capsici are the major constraints in production and marketability of chilli”
e3“the seedling emergence in pot culture was significantly superior with Carbendazim treatment”
e4“the seed treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma viridae was on par to that of Carbendazim treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma viride gave significantly superior seedling length compared with carbendazim and other controls in blotter and pot culture.
Verbatim
e0“Damping off and fruit rot caused by Colletotrichum capsici are the major constraints in production and marketability of chilli”
e5“The seedling length was significantly superior with Trichoderma viride compared to the carbendazim and other controls both in blotter and pot culture”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbendazim gave significantly higher seedling dry weight and seedling vigour than Trichoderma viride or other treatments in blotter and pot culture.
Verbatim
e0“Damping off and fruit rot caused by Colletotrichum capsici are the major constraints in production and marketability of chilli”
e6“The seedling dry weight and seedling vigour were significantly higher with carbendazim as compared to the Trichoderma viride treatment or other treatments in both blotter and pot culture”
Claim · model-written summary
Overall seedling vigour with Trichoderma viride was similar to that with carbendazim.
Verbatim
e0“Damping off and fruit rot caused by Colletotrichum capsici are the major constraints in production and marketability of chilli”
e7“the overall seedling vigour obtained with Trichoderma viride was similar to that of carbendazim treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas fluorescens gave significantly lower disease incidence than Trichoderma viride and carbendazim in the blotter method.
- Taxon
- chillie0
- Treatment
- Pseudomonas fluorescense7
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum capsiciColletotrichum truncatume0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Pseudomonas fluorescens
.JPG?width=60)
Pseudomonas fluorescense7biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- disease incidencee7
- Direction
- lowere7
- Comparator
- Trichoderma viride and carbendazime7
- Setting
- blotter methode7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Damping off and fruit rot caused by Colletotrichum capsici are the major constraints in production and marketability of chilli”
e7“The disease incidence was significantly lower with Pseudomonas fluorescens as compared to the Trichoderma viride and carbendazim in blotter method”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination of Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas fluorescens was on par with carbendazim for disease incidence in pot culture.
Verbatim
e0“Damping off and fruit rot caused by Colletotrichum capsici are the major constraints in production and marketability of chilli”
e7“The disease incidence was significantly lower with Pseudomonas fluorescens as compared to the Trichoderma viride and carbendazim in blotter method and; T. viride + P. fluorescens treatment was on par to that of carbendazim treatment in pot culture”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas fluorescens, individually or combined, as alternatives to carbendazim for controlling Colletotrichum capsici.
Verbatim
e0“Damping off and fruit rot caused by Colletotrichum capsici are the major constraints in production and marketability of chilli”
e7“use of Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas fluorescens individually or in combination are suggested as an alternative to carbendazim to control the Colletotrichum capsici”
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See all 9 papers →Trichoderma viride · Colletotrichum truncatum · Capsicum (peppers)Results agree
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carbendazim · Colletotrichum truncatum · Capsicum (peppers)Results agree
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- positive
- positive
- positive
Pseudomonas fluorescens · Colletotrichum truncatum · Capsicum (peppers)Results agree
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See all 7 papers →seed treatment · Colletotrichum truncatum · Capsicum (peppers)Positive and negative results
7 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.