Abstract
Calcium and ethylene are essential in plant growth and development. In this study, we investigated the effects of calcium and ethylene on adventitious root formation in cucumber explants under salt stress. The results revealed that 10 μM calcium chloride (CaCl2) or 0.1 μM ethrel (ethylene donor) treatment have a maximum biological effect on promoting the adventitious rooting in cucumber under salt stress. Meanwhile, we investigated that removal of ethylene suppressed calcium ion (Ca2+)-induced the formation of adventitious root under salt stress indicated that ethylene participates in this process. Moreover, the application of Ca2+ promoted the activities of 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid synthase (ACS) and ACC Oxidase (ACO), as well as the production of 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid (ACC) and ethylene under salt stress. Furthermore, we discovered that Ca2+ greatly up-regulated the expression level of CsACS3, CsACO1 and CsACO2 under salt stress. Meanwhile, Ca2+ significantly down-regulated CsETR1, CsETR2, CsERS, and CsCTR1, but positively up-regulated the expression of CsEIN2 and CsEIN3 under salt stress; however, the application of Ca2+ chelators or channel inhibitors could obviously reverse the effects of Ca2+ on the expression of the above genes. These results indicated that Ca2+ played a vital role in promoting the adventitious root development in cucumber under salt stress through regulating endogenous ethylene synthesis and activating the ethylene signal transduction pathway.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
10 μM calcium chloride maximally promoted cucumber adventitious rooting under salt stress.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativuse0 - Treatment
- 10 μM calcium chloride (CaCl2)e0
- Outcome
- adventitious rootinge0
- Direction
- promotinge0
- Qualifier
- under salt stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“10 μM calcium chloride (CaCl2) or 0.1 μM ethrel (ethylene donor) treatment have a maximum biological effect on promoting the adventitious rooting in cucumber under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
0.1 μM ethrel maximally promoted cucumber adventitious rooting under salt stress.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- 0.1 μM ethrel (ethylene donor)e0
- Outcome
- adventitious rootinge0
- Direction
- promotinge0
- Qualifier
- under salt stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“10 μM calcium chloride (CaCl2) or 0.1 μM ethrel (ethylene donor) treatment have a maximum biological effect on promoting the adventitious rooting in cucumber under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene removal suppressed calcium-induced adventitious root formation.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- removal of ethylenee0
- Outcome
- formation of adventitious roote0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Qualifier
- under salt stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The Involvement of Ethylene in Calcium-Induced Adventitious Root Formation in Cucumber under Salt Stress”
e0“removal of ethylene suppressed calcium ion (Ca2+)-induced the formation of adventitious root under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium increased ACS and ACO enzyme activities under salt stress.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- application of Ca2+e0
- Outcome
- activities of 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid synthase (ACS) and ACC Oxidase (ACO)e0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The Involvement of Ethylene in Calcium-Induced Adventitious Root Formation in Cucumber under Salt Stress”
e0“application of Ca2+ promoted the activities of 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid synthase (ACS) and ACC Oxidase (ACO), as well as the production of 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid (ACC) and ethylene under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium increased ACC and ethylene production under salt stress.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- application of Ca2+e0
- Outcome
- production of 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid (ACC) and ethylenee0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The Involvement of Ethylene in Calcium-Induced Adventitious Root Formation in Cucumber under Salt Stress”
e0“application of Ca2+ promoted the activities of 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid synthase (ACS) and ACC Oxidase (ACO), as well as the production of 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid (ACC) and ethylene under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium upregulated CsACS3, CsACO1 and CsACO2 expression.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Ca2+e0
- Gene
- CsACS3, CsACO1 and CsACO2e0
- Outcome
- expression level of CsACS3, CsACO1 and CsACO2e0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The Involvement of Ethylene in Calcium-Induced Adventitious Root Formation in Cucumber under Salt Stress”
e0“Ca2+ greatly up-regulated the expression level of CsACS3, CsACO1 and CsACO2 under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium downregulated CsETR1, CsETR2, CsERS and CsCTR1 expression.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Ca2+e0
- Outcome
- CsETR1, CsETR2, CsERS, and CsCTR1e0
- Direction
- down-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The Involvement of Ethylene in Calcium-Induced Adventitious Root Formation in Cucumber under Salt Stress”
e0“Ca2+ significantly down-regulated CsETR1, CsETR2, CsERS, and CsCTR1”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium upregulated CsEIN2 and CsEIN3 expression.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Calciumt0
- Gene
- CsEIN2 and CsEIN3e0
- Outcome
- expression of CsEIN2 and CsEIN3e0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The Involvement of Ethylene in Calcium-Induced Adventitious Root Formation in Cucumber under Salt Stress”
e0“positively up-regulated the expression of CsEIN2 and CsEIN3 under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium chelators or channel inhibitors reversed the calcium effects on gene expression.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Ca2+ chelators or channel inhibitorse0
- Outcome
- expression of the above genese0
- Direction
- reversee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The Involvement of Ethylene in Calcium-Induced Adventitious Root Formation in Cucumber under Salt Stress”
e0“the application of Ca2+ chelators or channel inhibitors could obviously reverse the effects of Ca2+ on the expression of the above genes”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer calcium promotes root development by regulating ethylene synthesis and signaling.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- Ca2+e0
- Outcome
- adventitious root developmente0
- Qualifier
- regulating endogenous ethylene synthesis and activating the ethylene signal transduction pathwaye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ca2+ played a vital role in promoting the adventitious root development in cucumber under salt stress through regulating endogenous ethylene synthesis and activating the ethylene signal transduction pathway”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.