Abstract
The effects and mechanisms of Paenibacillus polymyxa Sx3 on growth promotion and the suppression of bacterial leaf blight in rice were evaluated in this study. The results from a plate assay indicated that Sx3 inhibited the growth of 20 strains of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Rice seedling experiments indicated that Sx3 promoted plant growth and suppressed bacterial leaf blight. In addition, bacteriological tests showed that Sx3 was able to fix nitrogen, solubilize phosphate and produce indole acetic acid, indicating that various mechanisms may be involved in the growth promotion by Sx3. The culture filtrate of P. polymyxa Sx3 reduced bacterial growth, biofilm formation and disrupted the cell morphology of Xoo strain GZ 0005, as indicated by the transmission and scanning electron microscopic observations. In addition, MALDI-TOF MS analysis revealed that Sx3 could biosynthesize two types of secondary metabolites fusaricidins and polymyxin P. In summary, this study clearly indicated that P. polymyxa Sx3 has strong in vitro and in vivo antagonistic activity against Xoo, which may be at least partially attributed to its production of secondary metabolites. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Antagonistic bacteria can grow well in their originating environment. However, it is unclear whether antagonistic bacteria were able to survive in different ecological environments. This study revealed that Paenibacillus polymyxa Sx3 isolated from rhizosphere soil of cotton significantly promoted the plant growth and suppressed bacterial leaf blight in rice. Therefore, it could be inferred that P. polymyxa Sx3 has the potential to be used as biocontrol agents in plants grown in different ecological environments.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Sx3 promoted rice seedling growth.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- Sx3e0
- Interactor
- Paenibacillus polymyxa Sx3
Paenibacillus polymyxat0symbiont - Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice seedling experiments indicated that Sx3 promoted plant growth”
t0“Paenibacillus polymyxa Sx3”
Claim · model-written summary
Sx3 suppressed bacterial leaf blight in rice seedlings.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Sx3e0
- Interactor
- Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzaee1pathogen - Second interactor
- Paenibacillus polymyxa Sx3Paenibacillus polymyxat0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- bacterial leaf blighte0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice seedling experiments indicated that Sx3 promoted plant growth and suppressed bacterial leaf blight.”
e1“Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo)”
t0“Paenibacillus polymyxa Sx3”
Claim · model-written summary
Sx3 fixed nitrogen.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat1
- Outcome
- fix nitrogene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sx3 was able to fix nitrogen, solubilize phosphate and produce indole acetic acid”
t0“Paenibacillus polymyxa Sx3”
t1“in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Sx3 solubilized phosphate.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat1
- Outcome
- solubilize phosphatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sx3 was able to fix nitrogen, solubilize phosphate and produce indole acetic acid”
t0“Paenibacillus polymyxa Sx3”
t1“in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Sx3 produced indole acetic acid.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat1
- Outcome
- produce indole acetic acide0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sx3 was able to fix nitrogen, solubilize phosphate and produce indole acetic acid”
t0“Paenibacillus polymyxa Sx3”
t1“in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Sx3 culture filtrate reduced growth of Xoo strain GZ 0005.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat1
- Treatment
- culture filtrate of P. polymyxa Sx3e0
- Interactor
- Xoo strain GZ 0005e0pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. polymyxa Sx3Paenibacillus polymyxae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- bacterial growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The culture filtrate of P. polymyxa Sx3 reduced bacterial growth, biofilm formation and disrupted the cell morphology of Xoo strain GZ 0005”
t1“in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Sx3 culture filtrate reduced biofilm formation of Xoo strain GZ 0005.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat1
- Treatment
- culture filtrate of P. polymyxa Sx3e0
- Interactor
- Xoo strain GZ 0005e0pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. polymyxa Sx3Paenibacillus polymyxae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- biofilm formatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The culture filtrate of P. polymyxa Sx3 reduced bacterial growth, biofilm formation and disrupted the cell morphology of Xoo strain GZ 0005”
t1“in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Sx3 culture filtrate disrupted cell morphology of Xoo strain GZ 0005.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat1
- Treatment
- culture filtrate of P. polymyxa Sx3e0
- Interactor
- Xoo strain GZ 0005e0pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. polymyxa Sx3Paenibacillus polymyxae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- cell morphologye0
- Direction
- disruptede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The culture filtrate of P. polymyxa Sx3 reduced bacterial growth, biofilm formation and disrupted the cell morphology of Xoo strain GZ 0005”
t1“in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Sx3 biosynthesized fusaricidins.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat1
- Outcome
- fusaricidinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sx3 could biosynthesize two types of secondary metabolites fusaricidins and polymyxin P”
t0“Paenibacillus polymyxa Sx3”
t1“in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Sx3 biosynthesized polymyxin P.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat1
- Outcome
- polymyxin Pe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sx3 could biosynthesize two types of secondary metabolites fusaricidins and polymyxin P”
t0“Paenibacillus polymyxa Sx3”
t1“in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors infer that Sx3 could be used as a biocontrol agent in plants across ecological environments.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- potential to be used as biocontrol agentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. polymyxa Sx3 has the potential to be used as biocontrol agents in plants grown in different ecological environments”
e1“in rice”
The same questions in other papers
Paenibacillus polymyxa · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
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- positive
Paenibacillus polymyxa · disease · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
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pathogen product · disease · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- negative
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See all 23 papers →pathogen product · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
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See all 23 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.