Abstract
TWO field experiments were done at the Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Shebin El koom, Egypt, during 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 seasons, to study the response of growth, productivity and quality of four wheat cultivars (cvs.), i.e. Gemmeiza 12, Misr 3, Sakha 95 and Shandaweel 1 to three irrigation regimes, i.e. I1 (five irrigations at tillering, stem elongation, booting, heading and ripening stages), as a control, I2 (four irrigations with skipping one irrigation at ripening stage) and I3 (three irrigations with skipping two irrigations at each of heading and ripening stages). The results showed that exposing wheat plants to drought stress by skipping two irrigations (I3 regime) significantly decreased growth characters (plant height, flag leaf area, total chlorophyll and days from sowing to heading as well as maturity), grain yield components (no. of spikes/m2 , spike length, no. of spikelets/spike, no. of grains/spikelet, no. of grains/spike, 1000 grain weight and grain weight/spike), yields/fad (grain, straw and biological), translocation indices (crop and harvest indices) and grain yielding ability as well as grain quality (protein and carbohydrate yields/fad and carbohydrate percentage) compared to full irrigation treatment (I1 regime). Reversely, protein percentage was significantly increased when the plants were exposed to skipping two irrigations at heading and ripening stages (I3 regime). However, there are no significant differences between full irrigation (I1 regime) and skipping one irrigation only at ripening stage (I2 regime) for grain, straw, biological yields/fad and most related traits. Sakha 95 and Gemmeiza 12 cultivars were superior to the other cultivars in most traits over all tested irrigation regimes. However, Misr 3 and Shandaweel 1 cultivars had values of drought susceptibility index (DSI) less than one either at moderate (I2 regime) or at severe drought stress (I3 regime), indicating that such cultivars were relatively tolerant to drought stress compared to the other tested cultivars. The interaction between the two tested factors showed that the application of four irrigations (I2 regime) to wheat cultivars namely Misr 3 and Shandaweel 1 are useful to save water consumption without significant reduction in wheat productivity.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Skipping two irrigations significantly decreased plant height, flag leaf area, and total chlorophyll.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- skipping two irrigations (I3 regime)e1
- Outcome
- plant height, flag leaf area, total chlorophylle0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- full irrigation treatment (I1 regime)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly decreased growth characters (plant height, flag leaf area, total chlorophyll and days from sowing to heading as well as maturity)”
t0“Wheat”
e1“skipping two irrigations (I3 regime) significantly decreased growth characters (plant height, flag leaf area, total chlorophyll and days from sowing to heading as well as maturity), grain yield components (no. of spikes/m2 , spike length, no. of spikelets/spike, no. of grains/spikelet, no. of grains/spike, 1000 grain weight and grain weight/spike), yields/fad (grain, straw and biological), translocation indices (crop and harvest indices) and grain yielding ability as well as grain quality (protein and carbohydrate yields/fad and carbohydrate percentage) compared to full irrigation treatment (I1 regime)”
Claim · model-written summary
Skipping two irrigations significantly decreased days from sowing to heading and maturity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- skipping two irrigations (I3 regime)e1
- Outcome
- days from sowing to heading as well as maturitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- full irrigation treatment (I1 regime)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly decreased growth characters (plant height, flag leaf area, total chlorophyll and days from sowing to heading as well as maturity)”
t0“Wheat”
e1“skipping two irrigations (I3 regime) significantly decreased growth characters (plant height, flag leaf area, total chlorophyll and days from sowing to heading as well as maturity), grain yield components (no. of spikes/m2 , spike length, no. of spikelets/spike, no. of grains/spikelet, no. of grains/spike, 1000 grain weight and grain weight/spike), yields/fad (grain, straw and biological), translocation indices (crop and harvest indices) and grain yielding ability as well as grain quality (protein and carbohydrate yields/fad and carbohydrate percentage) compared to full irrigation treatment (I1 regime)”
Claim · model-written summary
Skipping two irrigations significantly decreased spike density, spike length, and spikelets per spike.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- skipping two irrigations (I3 regime)e1
- Outcome
- no. of spikes/m2 , spike length, no. of spikelets/spikee0
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Comparator
- full irrigation treatment (I1 regime)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield components (no. of spikes/m2 , spike length, no. of spikelets/spike, no. of grains/spikelet, no. of grains/spike, 1000 grain weight and grain weight/spike)”
t0“Wheat”
e1“skipping two irrigations (I3 regime) significantly decreased growth characters (plant height, flag leaf area, total chlorophyll and days from sowing to heading as well as maturity), grain yield components (no. of spikes/m2 , spike length, no. of spikelets/spike, no. of grains/spikelet, no. of grains/spike, 1000 grain weight and grain weight/spike), yields/fad (grain, straw and biological), translocation indices (crop and harvest indices) and grain yielding ability as well as grain quality (protein and carbohydrate yields/fad and carbohydrate percentage) compared to full irrigation treatment (I1 regime)”
Claim · model-written summary
Skipping two irrigations significantly decreased grains per spikelet, grains per spike, and thousand grain weight.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- skipping two irrigations (I3 regime)e1
- Outcome
- no. of grains/spikelet, no. of grains/spike, 1000 grain weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Comparator
- full irrigation treatment (I1 regime)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield components (no. of spikes/m2 , spike length, no. of spikelets/spike, no. of grains/spikelet, no. of grains/spike, 1000 grain weight and grain weight/spike)”
t0“Wheat”
e1“skipping two irrigations (I3 regime) significantly decreased growth characters (plant height, flag leaf area, total chlorophyll and days from sowing to heading as well as maturity), grain yield components (no. of spikes/m2 , spike length, no. of spikelets/spike, no. of grains/spikelet, no. of grains/spike, 1000 grain weight and grain weight/spike), yields/fad (grain, straw and biological), translocation indices (crop and harvest indices) and grain yielding ability as well as grain quality (protein and carbohydrate yields/fad and carbohydrate percentage) compared to full irrigation treatment (I1 regime)”
Claim · model-written summary
Skipping two irrigations significantly decreased grain weight per spike and grain, straw, and biological yields.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- skipping two irrigations (I3 regime)e1
- Outcome
- grain weight/spike), yields/fad (grain, straw and biological)e0
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Comparator
- full irrigation treatment (I1 regime)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain weight/spike), yields/fad (grain, straw and biological)”
t0“Wheat”
e1“skipping two irrigations (I3 regime) significantly decreased growth characters (plant height, flag leaf area, total chlorophyll and days from sowing to heading as well as maturity), grain yield components (no. of spikes/m2 , spike length, no. of spikelets/spike, no. of grains/spikelet, no. of grains/spike, 1000 grain weight and grain weight/spike), yields/fad (grain, straw and biological), translocation indices (crop and harvest indices) and grain yielding ability as well as grain quality (protein and carbohydrate yields/fad and carbohydrate percentage) compared to full irrigation treatment (I1 regime)”
Claim · model-written summary
Skipping two irrigations significantly decreased crop and harvest indices and grain yielding ability.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- skipping two irrigations (I3 regime)e1
- Outcome
- crop and harvest indices) and grain yielding abilitye0
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Comparator
- full irrigation treatment (I1 regime)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“translocation indices (crop and harvest indices) and grain yielding ability”
t0“Wheat”
e1“skipping two irrigations (I3 regime) significantly decreased growth characters (plant height, flag leaf area, total chlorophyll and days from sowing to heading as well as maturity), grain yield components (no. of spikes/m2 , spike length, no. of spikelets/spike, no. of grains/spikelet, no. of grains/spike, 1000 grain weight and grain weight/spike), yields/fad (grain, straw and biological), translocation indices (crop and harvest indices) and grain yielding ability as well as grain quality (protein and carbohydrate yields/fad and carbohydrate percentage) compared to full irrigation treatment (I1 regime)”
Claim · model-written summary
Skipping two irrigations significantly decreased protein and carbohydrate yields and carbohydrate percentage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- skipping two irrigations (I3 regime)e1
- Outcome
- protein and carbohydrate yields/fad and carbohydrate percentagee0
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Comparator
- full irrigation treatment (I1 regime)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain quality (protein and carbohydrate yields/fad and carbohydrate percentage) compared to full irrigation treatment (I1 regime).”
t0“Wheat”
e1“skipping two irrigations (I3 regime) significantly decreased growth characters (plant height, flag leaf area, total chlorophyll and days from sowing to heading as well as maturity), grain yield components (no. of spikes/m2 , spike length, no. of spikelets/spike, no. of grains/spikelet, no. of grains/spike, 1000 grain weight and grain weight/spike), yields/fad (grain, straw and biological), translocation indices (crop and harvest indices) and grain yielding ability as well as grain quality (protein and carbohydrate yields/fad and carbohydrate percentage) compared to full irrigation treatment (I1 regime)”
Claim · model-written summary
Skipping two irrigations significantly increased wheat grain protein percentage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- skipping two irrigations at heading and ripening stages (I3 regime)e0
- Outcome
- protein percentagee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“protein percentage was significantly increased when the plants were exposed to skipping two irrigations at heading and ripening stages (I3 regime).”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
I2 and I1 regimes did not differ significantly in grain, straw, or biological yields and most related traits.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- skipping one irrigation only at ripening stage (I2 regime)e0
- Outcome
- grain, straw, biological yields/fad and most related traitse0
- Direction
- no significant differencese0
- Comparator
- full irrigation (I1 regime)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there are no significant differences between full irrigation (I1 regime) and skipping one irrigation only at ripening stage (I2 regime) for grain, straw, biological yields/fad and most related traits.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Sakha 95 was superior to other cultivars in most traits across irrigation regimes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Sakha 95e0
- Outcome
- most traitse0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- other cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sakha 95 and Gemmeiza 12 cultivars were superior to the other cultivars in most traits over all tested irrigation regimes.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Gemmeiza 12 was superior to other cultivars in most traits across irrigation regimes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Gemmeiza 12e0
- Outcome
- most traitse0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- other cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sakha 95 and Gemmeiza 12 cultivars were superior to the other cultivars in most traits over all tested irrigation regimes.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Misr 3 had drought susceptibility index below one under moderate and severe drought stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Misr 3e0
- Outcome
- drought susceptibility index (DSI)e0
- Direction
- less thane0
- Value
- onee0
- Qualifier
- moderate (I2 regime) or at severe drought stress (I3 regime)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Misr 3 and Shandaweel 1 cultivars had values of drought susceptibility index (DSI) less than one either at moderate (I2 regime) or at severe drought stress (I3 regime)”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Shandaweel 1 had drought susceptibility index below one under moderate and severe drought stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Shandaweel 1e0
- Outcome
- drought susceptibility index (DSI)e0
- Direction
- less thane0
- Value
- onee0
- Qualifier
- moderate (I2 regime) or at severe drought stress (I3 regime)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Misr 3 and Shandaweel 1 cultivars had values of drought susceptibility index (DSI) less than one either at moderate (I2 regime) or at severe drought stress (I3 regime)”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Four irrigations for Misr 3 can save water without significant productivity reduction.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Misr 3e0
- Treatment
- four irrigations (I2 regime)e0
- Outcome
- save water consumption without significant reduction in wheat productivitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of four irrigations (I2 regime) to wheat cultivars namely Misr 3 and Shandaweel 1 are useful to save water consumption without significant reduction in wheat productivity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Four irrigations for Shandaweel 1 can save water without significant productivity reduction.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Shandaweel 1e0
- Treatment
- four irrigations (I2 regime)e0
- Outcome
- save water consumption without significant reduction in wheat productivitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of four irrigations (I2 regime) to wheat cultivars namely Misr 3 and Shandaweel 1 are useful to save water consumption without significant reduction in wheat productivity.”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.