Abstract
A field experiment was conducted to assess the response of nutrient levels and spacing on seed quality attributes of black gram cv. LBG-625 (Rashmi). Experimental results revealed that fertilizer application of 50:100:100 + Black gram rhizobia (250 g ha-1) + PSB- Bacillus megaterium (250 g ha-1) recorded highest test weight (39.27 g), germination (90.60%), root length (15.77 cm), shoot length (13.43 cm), mean seedling length (29.20 cm), mean seedling dry weight (57.99 mg), seedling vigour index-I (2656), seedling vigour index-II (525), total dehydrogenase activity (0.998), protein content (23.16%), field emergence (86.56 %) lowest electrical conductivity (0.813 dSm-1) were superior over other fertilizer treatments. Among the planting geometry 60 x 10 cm recorded more germination per cent (90.48 %) compared to 45 x 10 cm (87.64 %) and 30 x 10 cm (86.91 %). Interaction of nutrient levels and spacing through the application of 50:100:100 + black gram rhizobia (250 g ha-1) + PSB- B. megaterium (250 g ha-1) with planting geometry 60 x 10 cm recorded more mean seedling length (34.40 cm), mean seedling dry weight (58.30 mg),and field emergence (90.24 %) lowest electrical conductivity (0.776 dSm-1) compared to control. The application of 50:100:100 + Black gram rhizobia (250 g ha-1) + PSB- B. megaterium (250 g ha-1) with planting geometry 60 x 10 cm were considered as seed quality improvement approach in blackgram, therefore conjunctive use of inorganic fertilizers and biofertilizer may be suggested for higher seed quality parameters along with overall betterment of crop.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
The fertilizer treatment with rhizobia and PSB gave the highest test weight in black gram.
- Taxon
- black gram
Vigna mungoe0 - Material
- LBG-625 (Rashmi)e0
- Treatment
- fertilizer application of 50:100:100 + Black gram rhizobia (250 g ha-1) + PSB- Bacillus megaterium (250 g ha-1)e1
- Outcome
- test weighte2
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 39.27 ge2
- Comparator
- other fertilizer treatmentse3
- Setting
- field experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field experiment was conducted to assess the response of nutrient levels and spacing on seed quality attributes of black gram cv. LBG-625 (Rashmi)”
e1“fertilizer application of 50:100:100 + Black gram rhizobia (250 g ha-1) + PSB- Bacillus megaterium (250 g ha-1) recorded highest”
e2“recorded highest test weight (39.27 g)”
e3“were superior over other fertilizer treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The fertilizer treatment with rhizobia and PSB gave the highest germination in black gram.
- Taxon
- black gramVigna mungoe0
- Material
- LBG-625 (Rashmi)e0
- Treatment
- fertilizer application of 50:100:100 + Black gram rhizobia (250 g ha-1) + PSB- Bacillus megaterium (250 g ha-1)e1
- Outcome
- germinatione2
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 90.60%e2
- Comparator
- other fertilizer treatmentse3
- Setting
- field experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field experiment was conducted to assess the response of nutrient levels and spacing on seed quality attributes of black gram cv. LBG-625 (Rashmi)”
e1“fertilizer application of 50:100:100 + Black gram rhizobia (250 g ha-1) + PSB- Bacillus megaterium (250 g ha-1) recorded highest”
e2“germination (90.60%)”
e3“were superior over other fertilizer treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The fertilizer treatment with rhizobia and PSB gave the highest root length in black gram.
- Taxon
- black gramVigna mungoe0
- Material
- LBG-625 (Rashmi)e0
- Treatment
- fertilizer application of 50:100:100 + Black gram rhizobia (250 g ha-1) + PSB- Bacillus megaterium (250 g ha-1)e1
- Outcome
- root lengthe2
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 15.77 cme2
- Comparator
- other fertilizer treatmentse3
- Setting
- field experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field experiment was conducted to assess the response of nutrient levels and spacing on seed quality attributes of black gram cv. LBG-625 (Rashmi)”
e1“fertilizer application of 50:100:100 + Black gram rhizobia (250 g ha-1) + PSB- Bacillus megaterium (250 g ha-1) recorded highest”
e2“root length (15.77 cm)”
e3“were superior over other fertilizer treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The fertilizer treatment with rhizobia and PSB gave the highest shoot length in black gram.
- Taxon
- black gramVigna mungoe0
- Material
- LBG-625 (Rashmi)e0
- Treatment
- fertilizer application of 50:100:100 + Black gram rhizobia (250 g ha-1) + PSB- Bacillus megaterium (250 g ha-1)e1
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe2
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 13.43 cme2
- Comparator
- other fertilizer treatmentse3
- Setting
- field experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field experiment was conducted to assess the response of nutrient levels and spacing on seed quality attributes of black gram cv. LBG-625 (Rashmi)”
e1“fertilizer application of 50:100:100 + Black gram rhizobia (250 g ha-1) + PSB- Bacillus megaterium (250 g ha-1) recorded highest”
e2“shoot length (13.43 cm)”
e3“were superior over other fertilizer treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The fertilizer treatment with rhizobia and PSB gave the highest mean seedling length in black gram.
- Taxon
- black gramVigna mungoe0
- Material
- LBG-625 (Rashmi)e0
- Treatment
- fertilizer application of 50:100:100 + Black gram rhizobia (250 g ha-1) + PSB- Bacillus megaterium (250 g ha-1)e1
- Outcome
- mean seedling lengthe2
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 29.20 cme2
- Comparator
- other fertilizer treatmentse3
- Setting
- field experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field experiment was conducted to assess the response of nutrient levels and spacing on seed quality attributes of black gram cv. LBG-625 (Rashmi)”
e1“fertilizer application of 50:100:100 + Black gram rhizobia (250 g ha-1) + PSB- Bacillus megaterium (250 g ha-1) recorded highest”
e2“mean seedling length (29.20 cm)”
e3“were superior over other fertilizer treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The fertilizer treatment with rhizobia and PSB gave the highest mean seedling dry weight in black gram.
- Taxon
- black gramVigna mungoe0
- Material
- LBG-625 (Rashmi)e0
- Treatment
- fertilizer application of 50:100:100 + Black gram rhizobia (250 g ha-1) + PSB- Bacillus megaterium (250 g ha-1)e1
- Outcome
- mean seedling dry weighte2
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 57.99 mge2
- Comparator
- other fertilizer treatmentse3
- Setting
- field experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field experiment was conducted to assess the response of nutrient levels and spacing on seed quality attributes of black gram cv. LBG-625 (Rashmi)”
e1“fertilizer application of 50:100:100 + Black gram rhizobia (250 g ha-1) + PSB- Bacillus megaterium (250 g ha-1) recorded highest”
e2“mean seedling dry weight (57.99 mg)”
e3“were superior over other fertilizer treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The fertilizer treatment with rhizobia and PSB gave the highest seedling vigour index I in black gram.
- Taxon
- black gramVigna mungoe0
- Material
- LBG-625 (Rashmi)e0
- Treatment
- fertilizer application of 50:100:100 + Black gram rhizobia (250 g ha-1) + PSB- Bacillus megaterium (250 g ha-1)e1
- Outcome
- seedling vigour index-Ie2
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 2656e2
- Comparator
- other fertilizer treatmentse3
- Setting
- field experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field experiment was conducted to assess the response of nutrient levels and spacing on seed quality attributes of black gram cv. LBG-625 (Rashmi)”
e1“fertilizer application of 50:100:100 + Black gram rhizobia (250 g ha-1) + PSB- Bacillus megaterium (250 g ha-1) recorded highest”
e2“seedling vigour index-I (2656)”
e3“were superior over other fertilizer treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The fertilizer treatment with rhizobia and PSB gave the highest seedling vigour index II in black gram.
- Taxon
- black gramVigna mungoe0
- Material
- LBG-625 (Rashmi)e0
- Treatment
- fertilizer application of 50:100:100 + Black gram rhizobia (250 g ha-1) + PSB- Bacillus megaterium (250 g ha-1)e1
- Outcome
- seedling vigour index-IIe2
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 525e2
- Comparator
- other fertilizer treatmentse3
- Setting
- field experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field experiment was conducted to assess the response of nutrient levels and spacing on seed quality attributes of black gram cv. LBG-625 (Rashmi)”
e1“fertilizer application of 50:100:100 + Black gram rhizobia (250 g ha-1) + PSB- Bacillus megaterium (250 g ha-1) recorded highest”
e2“seedling vigour index-II (525)”
e3“were superior over other fertilizer treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The fertilizer treatment with rhizobia and PSB gave the highest total dehydrogenase activity in black gram.
- Taxon
- black gramVigna mungoe0
- Material
- LBG-625 (Rashmi)e0
- Treatment
- fertilizer application of 50:100:100 + Black gram rhizobia (250 g ha-1) + PSB- Bacillus megaterium (250 g ha-1)e1
- Outcome
- total dehydrogenase activitye2
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 0.998e2
- Comparator
- other fertilizer treatmentse3
- Setting
- field experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field experiment was conducted to assess the response of nutrient levels and spacing on seed quality attributes of black gram cv. LBG-625 (Rashmi)”
e1“fertilizer application of 50:100:100 + Black gram rhizobia (250 g ha-1) + PSB- Bacillus megaterium (250 g ha-1) recorded highest”
e2“total dehydrogenase activity (0.998)”
e3“were superior over other fertilizer treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The fertilizer treatment with rhizobia and PSB gave the highest protein content in black gram.
- Taxon
- black gramVigna mungoe0
- Material
- LBG-625 (Rashmi)e0
- Treatment
- fertilizer application of 50:100:100 + Black gram rhizobia (250 g ha-1) + PSB- Bacillus megaterium (250 g ha-1)e1
- Outcome
- protein contente2
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 23.16%e2
- Comparator
- other fertilizer treatmentse3
- Setting
- field experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field experiment was conducted to assess the response of nutrient levels and spacing on seed quality attributes of black gram cv. LBG-625 (Rashmi)”
e1“fertilizer application of 50:100:100 + Black gram rhizobia (250 g ha-1) + PSB- Bacillus megaterium (250 g ha-1) recorded highest”
e2“protein content (23.16%)”
e3“were superior over other fertilizer treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The fertilizer treatment with rhizobia and PSB gave the highest field emergence in black gram.
- Taxon
- black gramVigna mungoe0
- Material
- LBG-625 (Rashmi)e0
- Treatment
- fertilizer application of 50:100:100 + Black gram rhizobia (250 g ha-1) + PSB- Bacillus megaterium (250 g ha-1)e1
- Outcome
- field emergencee2
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 86.56 %e2
- Comparator
- other fertilizer treatmentse3
- Setting
- field experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field experiment was conducted to assess the response of nutrient levels and spacing on seed quality attributes of black gram cv. LBG-625 (Rashmi)”
e1“fertilizer application of 50:100:100 + Black gram rhizobia (250 g ha-1) + PSB- Bacillus megaterium (250 g ha-1) recorded highest”
e2“field emergence (86.56 %)”
e3“were superior over other fertilizer treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The fertilizer treatment with rhizobia and PSB gave the lowest electrical conductivity in black gram seed.
- Taxon
- black gramVigna mungoe0
- Material
- LBG-625 (Rashmi)e0
- Treatment
- fertilizer application of 50:100:100 + Black gram rhizobia (250 g ha-1) + PSB- Bacillus megaterium (250 g ha-1)e1
- Outcome
- electrical conductivitye2
- Direction
- loweste2
- Value
- 0.813 dSm-1e2
- Comparator
- other fertilizer treatmentse3
- Setting
- field experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field experiment was conducted to assess the response of nutrient levels and spacing on seed quality attributes of black gram cv. LBG-625 (Rashmi)”
e1“fertilizer application of 50:100:100 + Black gram rhizobia (250 g ha-1) + PSB- Bacillus megaterium (250 g ha-1) recorded highest”
e2“lowest electrical conductivity (0.813 dSm-1)”
e3“were superior over other fertilizer treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Black gram planted at 60 x 10 cm had more germination than at 45 x 10 cm and 30 x 10 cm.
- Taxon
- black gramVigna mungoe0
- Material
- LBG-625 (Rashmi)e0
- Treatment
- planting geometry 60 x 10 cme4
- Outcome
- germination per cente4
- Direction
- moree4
- Value
- 90.48 %e4
- Comparator
- 45 x 10 cme4
- Setting
- field experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field experiment was conducted to assess the response of nutrient levels and spacing on seed quality attributes of black gram cv. LBG-625 (Rashmi)”
e4“Among the planting geometry 60 x 10 cm recorded more germination per cent (90.48 %) compared to 45 x 10 cm (87.64 %) and 30 x 10 cm (86.91 %)”
Claim · model-written summary
The interaction of fertilizer with rhizobia and PSB at 60 x 10 cm gave more mean seedling length in black gram than control.
- Taxon
- black gramVigna mungoe0
- Material
- LBG-625 (Rashmi)e0
- Treatment
- Interaction of nutrient levels and spacing through the application of 50:100:100 + black gram rhizobia (250 g ha-1) + PSB- B. megaterium (250 g ha-1) with planting geometry 60 x 10 cme5
- Outcome
- mean seedling lengthe6
- Direction
- moree5
- Value
- 34.40 cme6
- Comparator
- controle7
- Setting
- field experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field experiment was conducted to assess the response of nutrient levels and spacing on seed quality attributes of black gram cv. LBG-625 (Rashmi)”
e5“Interaction of nutrient levels and spacing through the application of 50:100:100 + black gram rhizobia (250 g ha-1) + PSB- B. megaterium (250 g ha-1) with planting geometry 60 x 10 cm recorded more”
e6“mean seedling length (34.40 cm)”
e7“compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
The interaction of fertilizer with rhizobia and PSB at 60 x 10 cm gave more mean seedling dry weight in black gram than control.
- Taxon
- black gramVigna mungoe0
- Material
- LBG-625 (Rashmi)e0
- Treatment
- Interaction of nutrient levels and spacing through the application of 50:100:100 + black gram rhizobia (250 g ha-1) + PSB- B. megaterium (250 g ha-1) with planting geometry 60 x 10 cme5
- Outcome
- mean seedling dry weighte6
- Direction
- moree5
- Value
- 58.30 mge6
- Comparator
- controle7
- Setting
- field experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field experiment was conducted to assess the response of nutrient levels and spacing on seed quality attributes of black gram cv. LBG-625 (Rashmi)”
e5“Interaction of nutrient levels and spacing through the application of 50:100:100 + black gram rhizobia (250 g ha-1) + PSB- B. megaterium (250 g ha-1) with planting geometry 60 x 10 cm recorded more”
e6“mean seedling dry weight (58.30 mg)”
e7“compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
The interaction of fertilizer with rhizobia and PSB at 60 x 10 cm gave more field emergence in black gram than control.
- Taxon
- black gramVigna mungoe0
- Material
- LBG-625 (Rashmi)e0
- Treatment
- Interaction of nutrient levels and spacing through the application of 50:100:100 + black gram rhizobia (250 g ha-1) + PSB- B. megaterium (250 g ha-1) with planting geometry 60 x 10 cme5
- Outcome
- field emergencee6
- Direction
- moree5
- Value
- 90.24 %e6
- Comparator
- controle7
- Setting
- field experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field experiment was conducted to assess the response of nutrient levels and spacing on seed quality attributes of black gram cv. LBG-625 (Rashmi)”
e5“Interaction of nutrient levels and spacing through the application of 50:100:100 + black gram rhizobia (250 g ha-1) + PSB- B. megaterium (250 g ha-1) with planting geometry 60 x 10 cm recorded more”
e6“field emergence (90.24 %)”
e7“compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
The interaction of fertilizer with rhizobia and PSB at 60 x 10 cm gave the lowest electrical conductivity in black gram compared with control.
- Taxon
- black gramVigna mungoe0
- Material
- LBG-625 (Rashmi)e0
- Treatment
- Interaction of nutrient levels and spacing through the application of 50:100:100 + black gram rhizobia (250 g ha-1) + PSB- B. megaterium (250 g ha-1) with planting geometry 60 x 10 cme5
- Outcome
- electrical conductivitye6
- Direction
- loweste6
- Value
- 0.776 dSm-1e6
- Comparator
- controle7
- Setting
- field experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field experiment was conducted to assess the response of nutrient levels and spacing on seed quality attributes of black gram cv. LBG-625 (Rashmi)”
e5“Interaction of nutrient levels and spacing through the application of 50:100:100 + black gram rhizobia (250 g ha-1) + PSB- B. megaterium (250 g ha-1) with planting geometry 60 x 10 cm recorded more”
e6“lowest electrical conductivity (0.776 dSm-1)”
e7“compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Conjunctive use of inorganic fertilizers and biofertilizer may be suggested to raise seed quality in black gram.
- Taxon
- black gramVigna mungoe0
- Material
- LBG-625 (Rashmi)e0
- Treatment
- conjunctive use of inorganic fertilizers and biofertilizere1
- Outcome
- seed quality parameterse1
- Setting
- field experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field experiment was conducted to assess the response of nutrient levels and spacing on seed quality attributes of black gram cv. LBG-625 (Rashmi)”
e1“conjunctive use of inorganic fertilizers and biofertilizer may be suggested for higher seed quality parameters along with overall betterment of crop”
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