Abstract
Fusarium wilt of watermelon, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (FON), is a devastating soil-borne disease in watermelon production. Race 1 and race 2 of the pathogen are widely distributed in different watermelon producing regions. To investigate whether the root-knot nematodes break resistance of watermelon genotypes with resistance to FON race 1 and race 2, four greenhouse experiments were conducted on two watermelon cultivars ‘Calhoun Gray’ and ‘Fascination’ that are resistant to race 1, and an accession PI 296 341-FR that is resistant to race 2. The treatments included seedlings of ‘Calhoun Gray’ and ‘Fascination’ inoculated with Meloidogyne incognita (1000 J2/plant) or FON race 1 alone, nematodes 5 days before FON, FON 5 days before nematodes, nematodes and FON simultaneously, and non-inoculated control. PI 296 341-FR was inoculated with FON race 2, with or without M. incognita inoculation. The presence of M. incognita enhanced the susceptibility of all watermelon genotypes to Fusarium wilt. Co-inoculation with M. incognita led to an early development of wilt symptoms and increased disease severity. Galls were observed on roots of all nematode-inoculated plants, and sequential inoculation of FON followed by nematodes resulted in numerically lower galling indices compared with other inoculation methods. Whereas inoculation of the nematodes alone did not reduce plant growth, growth suppression was evident when seedlings were inoculated with both pathogens. The results indicated that M. incognita could enhance susceptibility of resistant watermelon genotypes to respective FON races, and host resistance alone is not sufficient for managing Fusarium wilt on watermelon in soils infested with root-knot nematodes.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
M. incognita increased susceptibility of all tested watermelon genotypes to Fusarium wilt.
- Taxon
- watermelon
Citrullus lanatuse0 - Treatment
- M. incognitae0
- Second interactor
- M. incognita
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogyne incognitae0pathogen - Outcome
- susceptibility of all watermelon genotypes to Fusarium wilte0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“presence of M. incognita enhanced the susceptibility of all watermelon genotypes to Fusarium wilt”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation with M. incognita advanced wilt symptom development.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse1
- Treatment
- Co-inoculation with M. incognitae0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Outcome
- development of wilt symptomse0
- Direction
- earlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Co-inoculation with M. incognita led to an early development of wilt symptoms”
e1“Fusarium wilt of watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation with M. incognita increased wilt disease severity.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse1
- Treatment
- Co-inoculation with M. incognitae0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Co-inoculation with M. incognita led to an early development of wilt symptoms and increased disease severity”
e1“Fusarium wilt of watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
All nematode-inoculated plants had root galls.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse1
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- Gallse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Galls were observed on roots of all nematode-inoculated plants”
e1“Fusarium wilt of watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
FON followed by nematodes gave numerically lower galling indices than other inoculation methods.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse1
- Treatment
- sequential inoculation of FON followed by nematodese0
- Second interactor
- FONe0pathogen
- Outcome
- galling indicese0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- other inoculation methodse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sequential inoculation of FON followed by nematodes resulted in numerically lower galling indices compared with other inoculation methods”
e1“Fusarium wilt of watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Nematode inoculation alone did not reduce plant growth.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse1
- Treatment
- inoculation of the nematodes alonee0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- did not reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation of the nematodes alone did not reduce plant growth”
e1“Fusarium wilt of watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with both pathogens suppressed plant growth.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse1
- Treatment
- inoculated with both pathogense0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae2pathogen
- Second interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveume3pathogen - Outcome
- growth suppressione0
- Direction
- suppressione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth suppression was evident when seedlings were inoculated with both pathogens”
e1“Fusarium wilt of watermelon”
e2“with Meloidogyne incognita (1000 J2/plant)”
e3“Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (FON)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded host resistance alone is insufficient to manage Fusarium wilt in nematode-infested soils.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Interactor
- root-knot nematodesMeloidogynee0pathogen
- Outcome
- host resistance alone is not sufficient for managing Fusarium wilte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“host resistance alone is not sufficient for managing Fusarium wilt on watermelon in soils infested with root-knot nematodes”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · disease · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Positive and negative results
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