Abstract
This work aimed to test the hypothesis that the combination of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and accumulation of silicon (Si) in banana plants via its uptake and transport by the fungus reduces the incidence of Black Leaf Steak Disease (BLSD) caused by Pseudocercospora fijiensis. Methods: A pot experiment was conducted to compare BLSD symptoms on leaves of banana plants colonized or not by the AMF Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 41833 and exposed or not to Si added to the growth substrate. Results: A marked increase in plant growth parameters (i.e. pseudostem diameter and height, leaf surface area, shoot, root and total dry weight) as well as accumulation of Si, P and Ca were noticed in the AMF-colonized banana plants in presence as well as in absence of Si added to the growth substrate. Similarly Si addition to the substrate increased plant growth parameters. Leave symptoms caused by the pathogen were observed in all the treatments but were reduced in presence of AMF as well as in presence of Si added to the growth substrate. The more drastic reduction was noticed in the AMF-colonized plants with Si added to the growth substrate. The Severity Index as well as Area Under Disease Progress Curve were considerably decreased both at 21 (~ 48% and 48% respectively) and 35 days (~ 21% and ~ 32% respectively) after inoculation of the pathogen as compared with non AMF-colonized plants in absence of Si added to the substrate. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that AMF-colonized banana plants grown in a substrate supplemented with Si were less impacted by P. fijiensis than non-colonized plants grown without Si added to the growth substrate. The combination of AMF-colonized banana plants (during the weaning phase or in vitro) with the application of Si to soil seems thus a thoughtful option to mitigate the impact of BLSD in bananas, although such strategy needs first to be evaluated under field conditions to appraise its real potential.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
AMF colonization increased pseudostem diameter and height and leaf surface area of banana plants.
- Taxon
- banana plantse0
- Organ / stage
- pseudosteme1
- Treatment
- AMF-colonizede1
- Interactor
- Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 41833
Rhizophagus irregularise0symbiont - Outcome
- pseudostem diameter and height, leaf surface areae1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Setting
- pot experimente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A pot experiment was conducted to compare BLSD symptoms on leaves of banana plants colonized or not by the AMF Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 41833 and exposed or not to Si added to the growth substrate”
e1“A marked increase in plant growth parameters (i.e. pseudostem diameter and height, leaf surface area, shoot, root and total dry weight) as well as accumulation of Si, P and Ca were noticed in the AMF-colonized banana plants in presence as well as in absence of Si added to the growth substrate”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF colonization increased shoot, root and total dry weight of banana plants.
- Taxon
- banana plantse0
- Organ / stage
- shoot, roote1
- Treatment
- AMF-colonizede1
- Interactor
- Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 41833Rhizophagus irregularise0symbiont
- Outcome
- shoot, root and total dry weighte1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Setting
- pot experimente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A pot experiment was conducted to compare BLSD symptoms on leaves of banana plants colonized or not by the AMF Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 41833 and exposed or not to Si added to the growth substrate”
e1“A marked increase in plant growth parameters (i.e. pseudostem diameter and height, leaf surface area, shoot, root and total dry weight) as well as accumulation of Si, P and Ca were noticed in the AMF-colonized banana plants in presence as well as in absence of Si added to the growth substrate”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF colonization increased accumulation of Si, P and Ca in banana plants.
- Taxon
- banana plantse0
- Treatment
- AMF-colonizede1
- Interactor
- Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 41833Rhizophagus irregularise0symbiont
- Outcome
- accumulation of Si, P and Cae1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Setting
- pot experimente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A pot experiment was conducted to compare BLSD symptoms on leaves of banana plants colonized or not by the AMF Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 41833 and exposed or not to Si added to the growth substrate”
e1“A marked increase in plant growth parameters (i.e. pseudostem diameter and height, leaf surface area, shoot, root and total dry weight) as well as accumulation of Si, P and Ca were noticed in the AMF-colonized banana plants in presence as well as in absence of Si added to the growth substrate”
Claim · model-written summary
Si addition to the substrate increased plant growth parameters of banana plants.
- Taxon
- banana plantse0
- Treatment
- Si addition to the substratee1
- Outcome
- plant growth parameterse1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“A pot experiment was conducted to compare BLSD symptoms on leaves of banana plants colonized or not by the AMF Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 41833 and exposed or not to Si added to the growth substrate”
e1“Similarly Si addition to the substrate increased plant growth parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF presence reduced leaf symptoms caused by Pseudocercospora fijiensis in banana plants.
- Taxon
- banana plantse2
- Treatment
- presence of AMFe0
- Interactor
- Pseudocercospora fijiensis
Pseudocercospora fijiensise1pathogen - Second interactor
- Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 41833Rhizophagus irregularise2symbiont
- Outcome
- Leave symptomse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leave symptoms caused by the pathogen were observed in all the treatments but were reduced in presence of AMF as well as in presence of Si added to the growth substrate”
e1“caused by Pseudocercospora fijiensis”
e2“A pot experiment was conducted to compare BLSD symptoms on leaves of banana plants colonized or not by the AMF Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 41833 and exposed or not to Si added to the growth substrate”
Claim · model-written summary
Si added to the growth substrate reduced leaf symptoms caused by Pseudocercospora fijiensis in banana plants.
- Taxon
- banana plantse2
- Treatment
- Si added to the growth substratee0
- Interactor
- Pseudocercospora fijiensisPseudocercospora fijiensise1pathogen
- Outcome
- Leave symptomse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leave symptoms caused by the pathogen were observed in all the treatments but were reduced in presence of AMF as well as in presence of Si added to the growth substrate”
e1“caused by Pseudocercospora fijiensis”
e2“A pot experiment was conducted to compare BLSD symptoms on leaves of banana plants colonized or not by the AMF Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 41833 and exposed or not to Si added to the growth substrate”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF colonization combined with Si added to the substrate gave a more drastic reduction of leaf symptoms caused by Pseudocercospora fijiensis in banana plants.
- Taxon
- banana plantse3
- Treatment
- AMF-colonized plants with Si added to the growth substratee0
- Interactor
- Pseudocercospora fijiensisPseudocercospora fijiensise2pathogen
- Second interactor
- Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 41833Rhizophagus irregularise3symbiont
- Outcome
- Leave symptomse1
- Direction
- more drastic reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The more drastic reduction was noticed in the AMF-colonized plants with Si added to the growth substrate”
e1“Leave symptoms caused by the pathogen were observed in all the treatments but were reduced in presence of AMF as well as in presence of Si added to the growth substrate”
e2“caused by Pseudocercospora fijiensis”
e3“A pot experiment was conducted to compare BLSD symptoms on leaves of banana plants colonized or not by the AMF Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 41833 and exposed or not to Si added to the growth substrate”
Claim · model-written summary
Severity Index decreased by about 48% at 21 days after inoculation in AMF-colonized banana plants compared with non AMF-colonized plants without Si.
- Taxon
- banana plantse2
- Treatment
- AMF-colonizede0
- Interactor
- Pseudocercospora fijiensisPseudocercospora fijiensise1pathogen
- Outcome
- Severity Indexe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- ~ 48%e0
- Qualifier
- at 21e0
- Comparator
- non AMF-colonized plants in absence of Si added to the substratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Severity Index as well as Area Under Disease Progress Curve were considerably decreased both at 21 (~ 48% and 48% respectively) and 35 days (~ 21% and ~ 32% respectively) after inoculation of the pathogen as compared with non AMF-colonized plants in absence of Si added to the substrate”
e1“caused by Pseudocercospora fijiensis”
e2“A pot experiment was conducted to compare BLSD symptoms on leaves of banana plants colonized or not by the AMF Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 41833 and exposed or not to Si added to the growth substrate”
Claim · model-written summary
Area Under Disease Progress Curve decreased by 48% at 21 days after inoculation in AMF-colonized banana plants compared with non AMF-colonized plants without Si.
- Taxon
- banana plantse2
- Treatment
- AMF-colonizede0
- Interactor
- Pseudocercospora fijiensisPseudocercospora fijiensise1pathogen
- Outcome
- Area Under Disease Progress Curvee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 48%e0
- Qualifier
- at 21e0
- Comparator
- non AMF-colonized plants in absence of Si added to the substratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Severity Index as well as Area Under Disease Progress Curve were considerably decreased both at 21 (~ 48% and 48% respectively) and 35 days (~ 21% and ~ 32% respectively) after inoculation of the pathogen as compared with non AMF-colonized plants in absence of Si added to the substrate”
e1“caused by Pseudocercospora fijiensis”
e2“A pot experiment was conducted to compare BLSD symptoms on leaves of banana plants colonized or not by the AMF Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 41833 and exposed or not to Si added to the growth substrate”
Claim · model-written summary
Severity Index decreased by about 21% at 35 days after inoculation in AMF-colonized banana plants compared with non AMF-colonized plants without Si.
- Taxon
- banana plantse2
- Treatment
- AMF-colonizede0
- Interactor
- Pseudocercospora fijiensisPseudocercospora fijiensise1pathogen
- Outcome
- Severity Indexe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- ~ 21%e0
- Qualifier
- 35 dayse0
- Comparator
- non AMF-colonized plants in absence of Si added to the substratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Severity Index as well as Area Under Disease Progress Curve were considerably decreased both at 21 (~ 48% and 48% respectively) and 35 days (~ 21% and ~ 32% respectively) after inoculation of the pathogen as compared with non AMF-colonized plants in absence of Si added to the substrate”
e1“caused by Pseudocercospora fijiensis”
e2“A pot experiment was conducted to compare BLSD symptoms on leaves of banana plants colonized or not by the AMF Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 41833 and exposed or not to Si added to the growth substrate”
Claim · model-written summary
Area Under Disease Progress Curve decreased by about 32% at 35 days after inoculation in AMF-colonized banana plants compared with non AMF-colonized plants without Si.
- Taxon
- banana plantse2
- Treatment
- AMF-colonizede0
- Interactor
- Pseudocercospora fijiensisPseudocercospora fijiensise1pathogen
- Outcome
- Area Under Disease Progress Curvee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- ~ 32%e0
- Qualifier
- 35 dayse0
- Comparator
- non AMF-colonized plants in absence of Si added to the substratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Severity Index as well as Area Under Disease Progress Curve were considerably decreased both at 21 (~ 48% and 48% respectively) and 35 days (~ 21% and ~ 32% respectively) after inoculation of the pathogen as compared with non AMF-colonized plants in absence of Si added to the substrate”
e1“caused by Pseudocercospora fijiensis”
e2“A pot experiment was conducted to compare BLSD symptoms on leaves of banana plants colonized or not by the AMF Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 41833 and exposed or not to Si added to the growth substrate”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF-colonized banana plants grown with Si were less impacted by P. fijiensis than non-colonized plants grown without Si.
- Taxon
- banana plantse0
- Treatment
- AMF-colonized banana plants grown in a substrate supplemented with Sie0
- Interactor
- P. fijiensisPseudocercospora fijiensise0pathogen
- Outcome
- impacted by P. fijiensise0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- non-colonized plants grown without Si added to the growth substratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our findings revealed that AMF-colonized banana plants grown in a substrate supplemented with Si were less impacted by P. fijiensis than non-colonized plants grown without Si added to the growth substrate”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF-colonized banana plants combined with Si application to soil seem a thoughtful option to mitigate BLSD in bananas, pending field evaluation.
Verbatim
e0“The combination of AMF-colonized banana plants (during the weaning phase or in vitro) with the application of Si to soil seems thus a thoughtful option to mitigate the impact of BLSD in bananas, although such strategy needs first to be evaluated under field conditions to appraise its real potential”
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- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.