Abstract
With irrigation using waste water, application of sewage sludge, and development of mine exploration, copper (Cu) contamination in some paddy fields has become increasingly serious. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted using a factorial design with three sulfur (S) application rates (i.e., 0, 0.013, and 0.026 g S kg−1 soil) and three silicon (Si) application rates (i.e., 0, 0.05, and 0.1 g Si kg−1 soil) to test the effect of co-amendment of S and Si on alleviating Cu contamination in paddy soil. There were significant interaction effects between S and Si on soil Cu speciation and Cu uptake by rice plants (except brown rice). Sulfur addition decreased the content of soil-exchangeable Cu, whereas Si addition decreased the content of soil-reducible Cu, suggesting that co-amendment of S and Si generally reduced Cu availability. Copper was biominimized in the soil-rice plant system and rice root had the greatest Cu concentration (163–285 mg kg−1). Co-amendment of S and Si decreased the translocation of Cu from soil to rice root, possibly due to decreased soil Cu mobility and enhancement of the formation of iron plaque on rice root. Co-amendment of S-Si at a rate of 0.013 (S)–0.1 (Si) g kg−1 soil, respectively, was the optimal among all treatments.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur and silicon interacted significantly in their effect on Cu uptake by rice plants (except brown rice).
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Treatment
- S and Sie1
- Outcome
- Cu uptake by rice plantse1
- Qualifier
- except brown ricee1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“There were significant interaction effects between S and Si on soil Cu speciation and Cu uptake by rice plants (except brown rice)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur addition decreased soil-exchangeable Cu content.
- Treatment
- Sulfur additione2
- Outcome
- content of soil-exchangeable Cue2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Setting
- greenhouse pot experimente0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted”
e2“Sulfur addition decreased the content of soil-exchangeable Cu, whereas Si addition decreased the content of soil-reducible Cu”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon addition decreased soil-reducible Cu content.
- Treatment
- Si additione2
- Outcome
- content of soil-reducible Cue2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Setting
- greenhouse pot experimente0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted”
e2“Sulfur addition decreased the content of soil-exchangeable Cu, whereas Si addition decreased the content of soil-reducible Cu”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-amendment of S and Si generally reduced soil Cu availability.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e3“suggesting that co-amendment of S and Si generally reduced Cu availability”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper was biominimized in the soil-rice plant system.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae4
- Outcome
- biominimizede4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Copper was biominimized in the soil-rice plant system and rice root had the greatest Cu concentration (163–285 mg kg−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice root had the greatest Cu concentration, 163–285 mg kg−1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae4
- Organ / stage
- rice roote4
- Outcome
- Cu concentratione4
- Value
- 163–285 mg kg−1e4
- Qualifier
- greateste4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Copper was biominimized in the soil-rice plant system and rice root had the greatest Cu concentration (163–285 mg kg−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-amendment of S and Si decreased translocation of Cu from soil to rice root.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae5
- Treatment
- Co-amendment of S and Sie5
- Outcome
- translocation of Cu from soil to rice roote5
- Direction
- decreasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Co-amendment of S and Si decreased the translocation of Cu from soil to rice root, possibly due to decreased soil Cu mobility and enhancement of the formation of iron plaque on rice root”
Claim · model-written summary
The reduced Cu translocation may be due to decreased soil Cu mobility and enhanced iron plaque formation on rice root.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae5
- Outcome
- translocation of Cu from soil to rice roote5
- Qualifier
- decreased soil Cu mobility and enhancement of the formation of iron plaque on rice roote5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Co-amendment of S and Si decreased the translocation of Cu from soil to rice root, possibly due to decreased soil Cu mobility and enhancement of the formation of iron plaque on rice root”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-amendment of 0.013 g S and 0.1 g Si per kg soil was the optimal treatment among all treatments.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza Sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Co-amendment of S-Si at a rate of 0.013 (S)–0.1 (Si) g kg−1 soile6
- Outcome
- optimal among all treatmentse6
- Direction
- optimal among all treatmentse6
- Comparator
- all treatmentse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza Sativa L.)”
e6“Co-amendment of S-Si at a rate of 0.013 (S)–0.1 (Si) g kg−1 soil, respectively, was the optimal among all treatments”
The same questions in other papers
silicon atom · nutrient: content · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
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- no effect
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65 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
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See all 77 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.