Abstract
Bread wheat is an important staple and cash crop grown by smallholder farmers in the central highlands of Ethiopia. However, the productivity of the crop is constrained by low soil fertility and poor nitrogen fertilizer management in the area. For example, there is limited information on optimum rates and timing of nitrogen fertilizer application in the area. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years (2014 and 2015) under rain-fed condition to determine the effect of N fertilizer rate and timing of application on grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of bread wheat. Factorial combinations of three N levels and five application times plus one control were laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The optimum grain yield (6060.04 kg ha−1) was recorded when 240 kg N ha−1 was applied ¼ at sowing, ½ at tillering and ¼ at booting, and it showed no significant additional response to N fertilizer above this rate. Higher N level (360 kg N ha−1) always increased N content in the grain and nitrogen uptake by wheat crop. The best recovery of nitrogen (59.74%) by wheat was found when 120 kg of nitrogen was applied (¼ at sowing, ½ at tillering and ¼ at booting). The nitrogen use efficiency traits decreased with increased N rate (120–360 kg N ha−1) indicating poor N utilization. The split application of nitrogen (¼ at sowing, ½ at tillering and ¼ at booting) produced the highest nitrogen use efficiency traits. The application of 240 kg N ha−1 in three split doses (T5) was required to obtain optimum wheat yield. In addition, increasing the rate of nitrogen beyond 120 kg N ha−1 decreased nitrogen use efficiency traits.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
A 240 kg N ha−1 three-way split gave optimum grain yield of 6060.04 kg ha−1.
- Taxon
- bread wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- 240 kg N ha−1 was applied ¼ at sowing, ½ at tillering and ¼ at bootinge0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- optimume0
- Value
- 6060.04 kg ha−1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The optimum grain yield (6060.04 kg ha−1) was recorded when 240 kg N ha−1 was applied ¼ at sowing, ½ at tillering and ¼ at booting”
t0“bread wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield had no significant additional response above 240 kg N ha−1.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N fertilizer above this ratee0
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- no significant additional responsee0
- Comparator
- 240 kg N ha−1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it showed no significant additional response to N fertilizer above this rate”
t0“bread wheat”
e1“The optimum grain yield (6060.04 kg ha−1) was recorded when 240 kg N ha−1 was applied ¼ at sowing, ½ at tillering and ¼ at booting”
Claim · model-written summary
The 360 kg N ha−1 level increased grain nitrogen content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 360 kg N ha−1e0
- Outcome
- N content in the graine0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher N level (360 kg N ha−1) always increased N content in the grain and nitrogen uptake by wheat crop”
Claim · model-written summary
The 360 kg N ha−1 level increased nitrogen uptake.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 360 kg N ha−1e0
- Outcome
- nitrogen uptake by wheat crope0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher N level (360 kg N ha−1) always increased N content in the grain and nitrogen uptake by wheat crop”
Claim · model-written summary
A 120 kg nitrogen three-way split gave the best nitrogen recovery of 59.74%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 120 kg of nitrogen was applied (¼ at sowing, ½ at tillering and ¼ at booting)e0
- Outcome
- recovery of nitrogene0
- Direction
- beste0
- Value
- 59.74%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The best recovery of nitrogen (59.74%) by wheat was found when 120 kg of nitrogen was applied (¼ at sowing, ½ at tillering and ¼ at booting)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen use efficiency traits fell as nitrogen rate rose from 120 to 360 kg N ha−1.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increased N rate (120–360 kg N ha−1)e0
- Outcome
- nitrogen use efficiency traitse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The nitrogen use efficiency traits decreased with increased N rate (120–360 kg N ha−1)”
t0“bread wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Three-way split nitrogen application produced the highest nitrogen use efficiency traits.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- split application of nitrogen (¼ at sowing, ½ at tillering and ¼ at booting)e0
- Outcome
- nitrogen use efficiency traitse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The split application of nitrogen (¼ at sowing, ½ at tillering and ¼ at booting) produced the highest nitrogen use efficiency traits”
t0“bread wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 240 kg N ha−1 in three split doses for optimum wheat yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- application of 240 kg N ha−1 in three split dosese0
- Value
- 240 kg N ha−1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of 240 kg N ha−1 in three split doses (T5) was required to obtain optimum wheat yield”
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