Abstract
Salinity is one of the most important problems in Egypt. Soil salinity decreases growth, photosynthetic activity, and results in nutrient imbalance in plants. This study evaluated the efficacy of the foliar applied Spirulina platensis (100mg/L) in reducing salinity effects in Vicia faba L. plants. The treatments are, T1 (control), T2 (salinity, 135mM from NaCl, equivalent to 13dS m−1), T3 (Spirulina platensis, 100mg/L), and T4 (salinity, 135mM+ Spirulina platensis, 100mg/L). Salinity decreased significantly chlorophyll a+b, carotenoids, weights of 100 seed, photosynthetic activity (14CO2 fixation), transpiration rate , total protein and (N, P and K). Application of T4 improved the above parameters as compared to salt-stressed plants. Salinity increased significantly the SOD, POD, CAT, GPX, MDA, free proline, total phenol and Na+ andCl− as compared to the control plants. However, T4 treatment decreased the activity of the above parameters as compared to salt-stressed plants. Foliar applied Spirulina platensis ameliorated adverse effects of salinity by enhancing total protein level, N, P and K and photosynthetic activity (14CO2 assimilation). This first attempt to evaluate the potential of Spirulina platensis as growth enhancer under salt-stressed Vicia faba indicated that exogenously applied Spirulina platensis (100mg/L) provided more benefit against salinity stress.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased chlorophyll a+b, carotenoids and weight of 100 seeds of Vicia faba compared with control.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba L.
Vicia fabat0 - Treatment
- salinity, 135mM from NaCle0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a+b, carotenoids, weights of 100 seede2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“salt stressed Vicia faba L. plants”
e0“T1 (control), T2 (salinity, 135mM from NaCl”
e2“Salinity decreased significantly chlorophyll a+b, carotenoids, weights of 100 seed, photosynthetic activity (14CO2 fixation), transpiration rate , total protein and (N, P and K)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased photosynthetic activity and transpiration rate of Vicia faba compared with control.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba L.Vicia fabat0
- Treatment
- salinity, 135mM from NaCle0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic activity (14CO2 fixation), transpiration ratee2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“salt stressed Vicia faba L. plants”
e0“T1 (control), T2 (salinity, 135mM from NaCl”
e2“Salinity decreased significantly chlorophyll a+b, carotenoids, weights of 100 seed, photosynthetic activity (14CO2 fixation), transpiration rate , total protein and (N, P and K)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased total protein and N, P and K of Vicia faba compared with control.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba L.Vicia fabat0
- Treatment
- salinity, 135mM from NaCle0
- Outcome
- total protein and (N, P and K)e2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“salt stressed Vicia faba L. plants”
e0“T1 (control), T2 (salinity, 135mM from NaCl”
e2“Salinity decreased significantly chlorophyll a+b, carotenoids, weights of 100 seed, photosynthetic activity (14CO2 fixation), transpiration rate , total protein and (N, P and K)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased SOD, POD and CAT activities of Vicia faba compared with control.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba L.Vicia fabat0
- Treatment
- salinity, 135mM from NaCle0
- Outcome
- SOD, POD, CATe4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“salt stressed Vicia faba L. plants”
e0“T1 (control), T2 (salinity, 135mM from NaCl”
e4“Salinity increased significantly the SOD, POD, CAT, GPX, MDA, free proline, total phenol”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased GPX, MDA and free proline of Vicia faba compared with control.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba L.Vicia fabat0
- Treatment
- salinity, 135mM from NaCle0
- Outcome
- GPX, MDA, free prolinee4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“salt stressed Vicia faba L. plants”
e0“T1 (control), T2 (salinity, 135mM from NaCl”
e4“Salinity increased significantly the SOD, POD, CAT, GPX, MDA, free proline, total phenol”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased total phenol of Vicia faba compared with control.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba L.Vicia fabat0
- Treatment
- salinity, 135mM from NaCle0
- Outcome
- total phenole4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“salt stressed Vicia faba L. plants”
e0“T1 (control), T2 (salinity, 135mM from NaCl”
e4“Salinity increased significantly the SOD, POD, CAT, GPX, MDA, free proline, total phenol”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased Na+ and Cl- in Vicia faba compared with control.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba L.Vicia fabat0
- Treatment
- salinity, 135mM from NaCle0
- Outcome
- Na+ andCl−e5
- Direction
- increasede4
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“salt stressed Vicia faba L. plants”
e0“T1 (control), T2 (salinity, 135mM from NaCl”
e4“Salinity increased significantly the SOD, POD, CAT, GPX, MDA, free proline, total phenol”
e5“total phenol and Na+ andCl− as compared to the control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Spirulina platensis improved the measured parameters of salt-stressed Vicia faba.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba L.Vicia fabat0
- Treatment
- foliar applied Spirulina platensis (100mg/L)e1
- Outcome
- the above parameterse3
- Direction
- improvede3
- Comparator
- salt-stressed plantse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“salt stressed Vicia faba L. plants”
e1“the foliar applied Spirulina platensis (100mg/L)”
e3“Application of T4 improved the above parameters as compared to salt-stressed plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Spirulina platensis decreased the antioxidant enzyme activities of salt-stressed Vicia faba.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba L.Vicia fabat0
- Treatment
- foliar applied Spirulina platensis (100mg/L)e1
- Outcome
- the activity of the above parameterse7
- Direction
- decreasede7
- Comparator
- salt-stressed plantse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“salt stressed Vicia faba L. plants”
e1“the foliar applied Spirulina platensis (100mg/L)”
e7“T4 treatment decreased the activity of the above parameters as compared to salt-stressed plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Spirulina platensis ameliorated adverse effects of salinity on Vicia faba.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba L.Vicia fabat0
- Treatment
- Foliar applied Spirulina platensise6
- Outcome
- adverse effects of salinitye6
- Direction
- amelioratede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“salt stressed Vicia faba L. plants”
e6“Foliar applied Spirulina platensis ameliorated adverse effects of salinity by enhancing total protein level, N, P and K and photosynthetic activity (14CO2 assimilation)”
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8 of 14 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.