Abstract
Abstract Present study is performed to evaluate the effects of foliar application of salicylic acid, glycine betaine, ascorbic acid, nano-silica and nano titanium dioxide on yield and yield component of sunflower. Chlorophyll content, leaf length, leaf width, days to 50 % flowering, day to maturity, plant height, husk percentage, number of seeds per head, head number per plant, percentage of empty achenes, 1000-seed weight, kernel weight, grain length, straw yield, harvest index, grain yield and oil percent were measured. Results showed that the first two principal components accounted 49 % and 19 %, respectively of sums of squares of the TT interaction and were used to create a two-dimensional treatment by trait (TT) biplot. The vertex treatments in polygon of TT biplot were ascorbic acid, glycine betaine, nano-TiO 2 and control which Nano-Ti 2 treatment indicated high performance in chlorophyll content, day to maturity, number of seeds per head, head number per plant, kernel weight, grain length, straw yield, harvest index, grain yield and oil percent. The identification of ideal treatment, the treatment that is most favorable treatment among all treatments, showed that the nano-TiO 2 might be used in selecting superior traits and it can be considered as the candidate treatment. Treatments suitable for obtaining of high seed yield were identified in the vector-view function of TT biplot and displayed nano-silica and nano titanium dioxide as the best treatments suitable for obtaining of high seed yield. In short, nano-fertilizer could increase crop yields and improve the fertilizer efficiency.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
The first principal component accounted for 49% of TT interaction sums of squares.
- Taxon
- Sunflower
Helianthus annuust0 - Outcome
- sums of squares of the TT interactione0
- Value
- 49 %e0
- Qualifier
- first two principal componentse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that the first two principal components accounted 49 % and 19 %, respectively of sums of squares of the TT interaction and were used to create a two-dimensional treatment by trait (TT) biplot.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
The second principal component accounted for 19% of TT interaction sums of squares.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Outcome
- sums of squares of the TT interactione0
- Value
- 19 %e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that the first two principal components accounted 49 % and 19 %, respectively of sums of squares of the TT interaction and were used to create a two-dimensional treatment by trait (TT) biplot.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbic acid, glycine betaine, nano-TiO2 and control occupied vertices of the TT biplot polygon.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Outcome
- vertex treatments in polygon of TT biplote0
- Qualifier
- ascorbic acid, glycine betaine, nano-TiO 2 and controle0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The vertex treatments in polygon of TT biplot were ascorbic acid, glycine betaine, nano-TiO 2 and control”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-Ti2 showed high chlorophyll content performance.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Nano-Ti 2e0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- high performancee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nano-Ti 2 treatment indicated high performance in chlorophyll content, day to maturity, number of seeds per head, head number per plant, kernel weight, grain length, straw yield, harvest index, grain yield and oil percent.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-Ti2 showed high performance for maturity and seed and head numbers.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Nano-Ti 2e0
- Outcome
- day to maturity, number of seeds per head, head number per plante0
- Direction
- high performancee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nano-Ti 2 treatment indicated high performance in chlorophyll content, day to maturity, number of seeds per head, head number per plant, kernel weight, grain length, straw yield, harvest index, grain yield and oil percent.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-Ti2 showed high performance for kernel weight, grain length and straw yield.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Nano-Ti 2e0
- Outcome
- kernel weight, grain length, straw yielde0
- Direction
- high performancee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nano-Ti 2 treatment indicated high performance in chlorophyll content, day to maturity, number of seeds per head, head number per plant, kernel weight, grain length, straw yield, harvest index, grain yield and oil percent.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-Ti2 showed high performance for harvest index, grain yield and oil percent.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Nano-Ti 2e0
- Outcome
- harvest index, grain yield and oil percente0
- Direction
- high performancee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nano-Ti 2 treatment indicated high performance in chlorophyll content, day to maturity, number of seeds per head, head number per plant, kernel weight, grain length, straw yield, harvest index, grain yield and oil percent.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identify nano-TiO2 as a candidate treatment for selecting superior traits.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- nano-TiO 2e0
- Outcome
- selecting superior traitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“showed that the nano-TiO 2 might be used in selecting superior traits and it can be considered as the candidate treatment.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-silica was identified as a best treatment for high seed yield.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- nano-silicae0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“displayed nano-silica and nano titanium dioxide as the best treatments suitable for obtaining of high seed yield.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano titanium dioxide was identified as a best treatment for high seed yield.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- nano titanium dioxidee0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“displayed nano-silica and nano titanium dioxide as the best treatments suitable for obtaining of high seed yield.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-fertilizer could increase crop yields.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- nano-fertilizere0
- Outcome
- crop yieldse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In short, nano-fertilizer could increase crop yields and improve the fertilizer efficiency.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-fertilizer could improve fertilizer efficiency.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- nano-fertilizere0
- Outcome
- fertilizer efficiencye0
- Direction
- improvee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In short, nano-fertilizer could increase crop yields and improve the fertilizer efficiency.”
t0“Sunflower”
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