Abstract
The aim of the current study is to contribute to the basic understanding of Piriformosporaindica–Brassica campestris sp. chinensis interactions and to assess its impact on clubroot. This study revealed that P. indica, plant-root-colonizing fungus of Basidiomycetes, is capable to reduce the formation of clubroot in B. campestris sp. chinensis which is extremely susceptible to the root pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae. Roots of the P. brassicae-infected plant were colonized with P. indica, as demonstrated by staining technique and microscopy. Like that, enhanced biomass was observed in P. indica co-inoculated plants by comparing with plants grown without P. indica as well as the plants infected with the pathogen only. Co-inoculation of the plant with both P. indica and P. brassicae reduced gall formation up to 61.60% by comparing plants infected with only P. brassicae as shown by the disease index. Higher level of flavonoids was also observed in P. indica inoculated plants which contribute to enhancing the plant immune system. Thus, a hypothesis was proposed that P. brassicae development in B. campestris sp. chinensis plants could be delayed with the inoculation of P. indica. Expression of P. brassicae genes which were differentially expressed during disease development was monitored using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and was corroborated with delayed pathogen development. The results suggest that P. indica and perhaps other beneficial endosymbionts could be an effective tool for the management of clubroot infection.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation with P. indica reduced clubroot gall formation by up to 61.60% compared with plants infected with P. brassicae only.
- Taxon
- B. campestris sp. chinensis
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Brassica rapa subsp. oleiferae0 - Treatment
- Co-inoculation of the plant with both P. indica and P. brassicaee1
- Interactor
- P. brassicae
.jpg?width=60)
Plasmodiophora brassicaee1pathogen - Second interactor
- P. indicaSerendipita indicae1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- gall formatione1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 61.60%e1
- Comparator
- plants infected with only P. brassicaee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“P. indica, plant-root-colonizing fungus of Basidiomycetes, is capable to reduce the formation of clubroot in B. campestris sp. chinensis”
e1“Co-inoculation of the plant with both P. indica and P. brassicae reduced gall formation up to 61.60% by comparing plants infected with only P. brassicae as shown by the disease index”
Claim · model-written summary
P. indica co-inoculated plants had enhanced biomass compared with plants grown without P. indica and plants infected with the pathogen only.
- Taxon
- B. campestris sp. chinensisBrassica rapa subsp. oleiferae0
- Treatment
- P. indica co-inoculatede2
- Interactor
- P. indicaSerendipita indicae2symbiont
- Outcome
- biomasse2
- Direction
- enhancede2
- Comparator
- plants grown without P. indica as well as the plants infected with the pathogen onlye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. indica, plant-root-colonizing fungus of Basidiomycetes, is capable to reduce the formation of clubroot in B. campestris sp. chinensis”
e2“enhanced biomass was observed in P. indica co-inoculated plants by comparing with plants grown without P. indica as well as the plants infected with the pathogen only”
Claim · model-written summary
P. indica inoculated plants had a higher level of flavonoids.
- Taxon
- B. campestris sp. chinensisBrassica rapa subsp. oleiferae0
- Treatment
- P. indica inoculatede3
- Interactor
- P. indicaSerendipita indicae3symbiont
- Outcome
- level of flavonoidse3
- Direction
- Highere3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. indica, plant-root-colonizing fungus of Basidiomycetes, is capable to reduce the formation of clubroot in B. campestris sp. chinensis”
e3“Higher level of flavonoids was also observed in P. indica inoculated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of P. brassicae genes that were differentially expressed during disease development was corroborated with delayed pathogen development.
- Taxon
- B. campestris sp. chinensisBrassica rapa subsp. oleiferae0
- Interactor
- P. brassicaePlasmodiophora brassicaee4pathogen
- Gene
- P. brassicae genese4
- Outcome
- pathogen developmente4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. indica, plant-root-colonizing fungus of Basidiomycetes, is capable to reduce the formation of clubroot in B. campestris sp. chinensis”
e4“Expression of P. brassicae genes which were differentially expressed during disease development was monitored using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and was corroborated with delayed pathogen development”
Claim · model-written summary
P. indica colonized the roots of P. brassicae-infected plants, as shown by staining and microscopy.
- Taxon
- B. campestris sp. chinensisBrassica rapa subsp. oleiferae0
- Organ / stage
- Rootse5
- Interactor
- P. indicaSerendipita indicae5symbiont
- Outcome
- colonizede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. indica, plant-root-colonizing fungus of Basidiomycetes, is capable to reduce the formation of clubroot in B. campestris sp. chinensis”
e5“Roots of the P. brassicae-infected plant were colonized with P. indica, as demonstrated by staining technique and microscopy”
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