Abstract
ABSTRACT: Herbicides, as a major part of weed control strategy in paddy fields, have different impact on growth and activity of soil-beneficial bacteria such as Azospirillum species. A field experiment was conducted at Sefid Rood Livestock and Agricultural Company, northern Iran, to investigate the possibility of chemical weed control in paddy fields inoculated with Azospirillum lipoferum. The experiment was designed in a factorial arrangement based on a randomized complete block with three replicates. The factors were Azospirillum application (inoculation with or without Azospirillum lipoferum) and weed management regime (butachlor application with supplementary hand-weeding, bensulfuron methyl application with supplementary hand-weeding, combination of butachlor and bensulfuron methyl application with supplementary hand-weeding, hand-weeding at 15, 30, and 45 days after transplanting, and no weeding [not weeded during the rice-growing period). The results showed that plants inoculated with A. lipoferum produced 19% higher grain yield compared to plants that were not inoculated. The highest grain yields were recorded for plots treated with butachlor with supplementary hand-weeding (4,512 kg ha-1) and for those treated with a combination of butachlor and bensulfuron methyl with supplementary hand-weeding (4500.5 kg ha-1). The lowest yield (3494.3 kg ha-1) was recorded for weedy plots. No significant interaction was detected between A. lipoferum application and weed management regime for grain yield, indicating that the herbicides had no adverse effect on the efficiency of A. lipoferum in promoting growth and grain yield of rice. There was no significant difference in the dry weights of weed between inoculated and non-inoculated plots. The dry weights of weed in hand-weeded and herbicide-treated plots were significantly lower than that of the weedy plot. In conclusion, the result of this experiment confirms the possibility of chemical weed control in paddy fields inoculated with A. lipoferum.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Azospirillum inoculation raised rice grain yield by 19% relative to no inoculation.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae2 - Treatment
- inoculated with A. lipoferume0
- Interactor
- A. lipoferumAzospirillum lipoferume0symbiont
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 19%e0
- Comparator
- plants that were not inoculatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants inoculated with A. lipoferum produced 19% higher grain yield compared to plants that were not inoculated”
t0“Chemical Weed Control in Paddy Fields Inoculated with Azospirillum lipoferum”
e2“rice-growing period”
Claim · model-written summary
Butachlor plus hand weeding gave one of the highest grain yields, 4,512 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- butachlor with supplementary hand-weedinge0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse1
- Direction
- higheste3
- Value
- 4,512 kg ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“butachlor with supplementary hand-weeding (4,512 kg ha-1)”
t0“Chemical Weed Control in Paddy Fields Inoculated with Azospirillum lipoferum”
e1“grain yields”
e2“rice-growing period”
e3“The highest grain yields were recorded”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined butachlor and bensulfuron methyl plus hand weeding gave one of the highest grain yields, 4500.5 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- a combination of butachlor and bensulfuron methyl with supplementary hand-weedinge0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse1
- Direction
- higheste3
- Value
- 4500.5 kg ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a combination of butachlor and bensulfuron methyl with supplementary hand-weeding (4500.5 kg ha-1)”
t0“Chemical Weed Control in Paddy Fields Inoculated with Azospirillum lipoferum”
e1“grain yields”
e2“rice-growing period”
e3“The highest grain yields were recorded”
Claim · model-written summary
Weedy plots had the lowest grain yield, 3494.3 kg ha-1.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lowest yield (3494.3 kg ha-1) was recorded for weedy plots”
t0“Chemical Weed Control in Paddy Fields Inoculated with Azospirillum lipoferum”
e2“rice-growing period”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation and weed management had no significant interaction for rice grain yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- A. lipoferum applicatione0
- Interactor
- A. lipoferumAzospirillum lipoferume0symbiont
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No significant interaction was detected between A. lipoferum application and weed management regime for grain yield”
t0“Chemical Weed Control in Paddy Fields Inoculated with Azospirillum lipoferum”
e2“rice-growing period”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed dry weight did not differ significantly between inoculated and non-inoculated plots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- inoculatede0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- dry weights of weede0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no significant difference in the dry weights of weed between inoculated and non-inoculated plots”
t0“Chemical Weed Control in Paddy Fields Inoculated with Azospirillum lipoferum”
e2“rice-growing period”
Claim · model-written summary
Hand-weeded plots had significantly lower weed dry weight than weedy plots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- hand-weedede0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- dry weights of weede0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- weedy plote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The dry weights of weed in hand-weeded and herbicide-treated plots were significantly lower than that of the weedy plot”
t0“Chemical Weed Control in Paddy Fields Inoculated with Azospirillum lipoferum”
e2“rice-growing period”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide-treated plots had significantly lower weed dry weight than weedy plots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- herbicide-treatede0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- dry weights of weede0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- weedy plote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The dry weights of weed in hand-weeded and herbicide-treated plots were significantly lower than that of the weedy plot”
t0“Chemical Weed Control in Paddy Fields Inoculated with Azospirillum lipoferum”
e2“rice-growing period”
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical weed control is feasible in paddy fields inoculated with A. lipoferum.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Interactor
- A. lipoferumAzospirillum lipoferume0symbiont
- Outcome
- chemical weed control in paddy fields inoculated with A. lipoferume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“confirms the possibility of chemical weed control in paddy fields inoculated with A. lipoferum”
t0“Chemical Weed Control in Paddy Fields Inoculated with Azospirillum lipoferum”
e2“rice-growing period”
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