Abstract
The distribution of fine roots in the soil profile has important implications related to water and nutrient uptake. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the fine root dynamics of Medicago sativa L. cv. Sanditi. We used minirhizotrons to observe changes in fine root length density (FRLD, mm/cm(2)) and fine root surface area density (FRSAD, mm(2)/cm(2)) during the growing season. Fine root P concentrations and turnover rate were also measured. The colonization rate of fine roots varied depending on the AMF species. Colonization rates were highest when roots were inoculated with Glomus mosseae and lowest when roots were inoculated G. intraradices. Inoculation with AMF significantly increased both FRLD and FRSAD. G. versiforme increased FRLD and FRSAD most, whereas G. mosseae had the least effect. Inoculation with AMF also decreased fine root turnover rates. Inoculation with a mixture of AMF species increased fine root turnover and P concentrations more than inoculation with a single AMF species. Fine root length density increased to a maximum on Aug. 6 and then decreased. In comparison, FRSAD exhibited two peaks during the growing season. Overall, the results indicated that inoculation with AMF can significantly promote fine root growth and P uptake by alfalfa growing on soil with low P availability. The AMF may preserve fine root function late in the growing season.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Fine-root colonization rates varied by AMF species.
- Taxon
- ALFALFA
Medicago sativat0 - Organ / stage
- fine rootse0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- colonization rate of fine rootse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The colonization rate of fine roots varied depending on the AMF species.”
t0“ALFALFA (MEDICAGO SATIVA L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Colonization was highest with Glomus mosseae inoculation.
- Taxon
- ALFALFAMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- inoculated with Glomus mosseaee0
- Interactor
- Glomus mosseae
Funneliformis mosseaee0symbiont - Outcome
- Colonization ratese0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Colonization rates were highest when roots were inoculated with Glomus mosseae”
t0“ALFALFA (MEDICAGO SATIVA L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Colonization was lowest with G. intraradices inoculation.
- Taxon
- ALFALFAMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- inoculated G. intraradicese0
- Interactor
- G. intraradicesRhizophagus intraradicese0symbiont
- Outcome
- rootse0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lowest when roots were inoculated G. intraradices”
t0“ALFALFA (MEDICAGO SATIVA L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation significantly increased fine-root length and surface-area densities.
- Taxon
- ALFALFAMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- FRLD and FRSADe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation with AMF significantly increased both FRLD and FRSAD.”
t0“ALFALFA (MEDICAGO SATIVA L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
G. versiforme increased root length and surface-area densities the most.
- Taxon
- ALFALFAMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- G. versiformee0
- Interactor
- G. versiformeDiversispora versiformise0symbiont
- Outcome
- FRLD and FRSADe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“G. versiforme increased FRLD and FRSAD most”
t0“ALFALFA (MEDICAGO SATIVA L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
G. mosseae had the least effect on root length and surface-area densities.
- Taxon
- ALFALFAMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- G. mosseaee0
- Interactor
- G. mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee0symbiont
- Outcome
- least effecte0
- Direction
- leaste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“G. mosseae had the least effect”
t0“ALFALFA (MEDICAGO SATIVA L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation decreased fine-root turnover rates.
- Taxon
- ALFALFAMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- fine root turnover ratese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation with AMF also decreased fine root turnover rates.”
t0“ALFALFA (MEDICAGO SATIVA L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixed-AMF inoculation increased fine-root turnover more than single-species inoculation.
- Taxon
- ALFALFAMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with a mixture of AMF speciese0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- fine root turnovere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- inoculation with a single AMF speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation with a mixture of AMF species increased fine root turnover and P concentrations more than inoculation with a single AMF species.”
t0“ALFALFA (MEDICAGO SATIVA L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixed-AMF inoculation increased fine-root phosphorus concentrations more than single-species inoculation.
- Taxon
- ALFALFAMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with a mixture of AMF speciese0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- P concentrationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- inoculation with a single AMF speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation with a mixture of AMF species increased fine root turnover and P concentrations more than inoculation with a single AMF species.”
t0“ALFALFA (MEDICAGO SATIVA L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fine-root length density peaked on August 6 and then declined.
- Taxon
- ALFALFAMedicago sativat0
- Outcome
- Fine root length densitye0
- Direction
- increased to a maximum on Aug. 6 and then decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fine root length density increased to a maximum on Aug. 6 and then decreased.”
t0“ALFALFA (MEDICAGO SATIVA L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fine-root surface-area density had two seasonal peaks.
- Taxon
- ALFALFAMedicago sativat0
- Outcome
- FRSADe0
- Value
- two peakse0
- Qualifier
- during the growing seasone0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FRSAD exhibited two peaks during the growing season.”
t0“ALFALFA (MEDICAGO SATIVA L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that AMF inoculation significantly promotes fine-root growth in low-phosphorus soil.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- inoculation with AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- fine root growthe0
- Direction
- promotee0
- Qualifier
- soil with low P availabilitye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation with AMF can significantly promote fine root growth and P uptake by alfalfa growing on soil with low P availability.”
t0“ALFALFA (MEDICAGO SATIVA L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that AMF inoculation significantly promotes phosphorus uptake in low-phosphorus soil.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- inoculation with AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- P uptakee0
- Direction
- promotee0
- Qualifier
- soil with low P availabilitye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation with AMF can significantly promote fine root growth and P uptake by alfalfa growing on soil with low P availability.”
t0“ALFALFA (MEDICAGO SATIVA L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest AMF may preserve fine-root function late in the growing season.
- Taxon
- ALFALFAMedicago sativat0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- fine root functione0
- Qualifier
- late in the growing seasone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The AMF may preserve fine root function late in the growing season.”
t0“ALFALFA (MEDICAGO SATIVA L.)”
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