Abstract
Core Ideas The partitioning of P uptake to fruit was maximized at 72 kg ha −1 in 2014. Increasing P rate linearly increased P concentrations in both soil and leachate. Efficiency of converting P fertilizer into yield decreased with increasing P rate. The rate 56 kg ha −1 was considered the sufficient P rate based on tomato yield. Understanding P accumulation and partitioning is essential for improving phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) and minimizing environmental impact. A 2‐yr study was conducted to determine P distribution and PUE in tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) production as influenced by P application rates in a calcareous soil. Phosphorus was applied at 0, 29, 49, 78, 98, and 118 kg ha −1 as pre‐plant dry fertilizers. At 95 d after transplanting, total phosphorus uptake (TPU) was not significantly affected by P rates in either year. In 2014, the highest proportion of TPU was accumulated in fruits and the maximum partitioning of TPU to fruits occurred at 72 kg ha −1 . A higher or similar percentage of TPU was allocated to leaves comparing with fruits in 2015, which was probably due to the higher rainfall accumulation. Positive soil P budgets occurred with P rates ranging from 29 to 118 kg ha −1 in both years. Phosphorus concentrations in surface soil and subsurface leachate increased linearly with increasing P rate. Tomato marketable yield at the first and second combined harvest was not affected in 2014, whereas the yield increased linearly and attained a plateau at 56 kg ha −1 in 2015. There were no significant differences among treatments in the total season marketable yields in either year, thus, the partial factor productivity decreased with increasing P rate. Consequently, in the calcareous soils with 37 to 51 mg kg −1 of Mehlich‐3 extractable P, 56 kg ha −1 can be the sufficient P rate for tomato production.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Total phosphorus uptake was not significantly affected by phosphorus rates in either year.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- P ratese0
- Outcome
- total phosphorus uptake (TPU)e0
- Direction
- not significantly affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total phosphorus uptake (TPU) was not significantly affected by P rates in either year”
t0“Tomato”
e1“tomato production”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2014, the highest proportion of total phosphorus uptake accumulated in fruits.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- fruitse0
- Outcome
- proportion of TPUe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Setting
- 2014e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2014, the highest proportion of TPU was accumulated in fruits”
t0“Tomato”
e1“tomato production”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2014, fruit partitioning of total phosphorus uptake was maximal at 72 kg ha −1.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 72 kg ha −1e0
- Outcome
- partitioning of TPU to fruitse0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 72 kg ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the maximum partitioning of TPU to fruits occurred at 72 kg ha −1”
t0“Tomato”
e1“tomato production”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2015, leaves received a higher or similar percentage of total phosphorus uptake than fruits.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- percentage of TPUe0
- Direction
- higher or similare0
- Comparator
- fruitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A higher or similar percentage of TPU was allocated to leaves comparing with fruits in 2015”
t0“Tomato”
e1“tomato production”
Claim · model-written summary
Positive soil phosphorus budgets occurred at phosphorus rates of 29 to 118 kg ha −1 in both years.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- P rates ranging from 29 to 118 kg ha −1e0
- Outcome
- soil P budgetse0
- Direction
- Positivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Positive soil P budgets occurred with P rates ranging from 29 to 118 kg ha −1 in both years”
t0“Tomato”
e1“tomato production”
Claim · model-written summary
Surface soil phosphorus concentration increased linearly with phosphorus rate.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- P ratee0
- Outcome
- Phosphorus concentrations in surface soile0
- Direction
- increased linearlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phosphorus concentrations in surface soil and subsurface leachate increased linearly with increasing P rate”
t0“Tomato”
e1“tomato production”
Claim · model-written summary
Subsurface leachate phosphorus concentration increased linearly with phosphorus rate.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- P ratee0
- Outcome
- subsurface leachatee0
- Direction
- increased linearlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phosphorus concentrations in surface soil and subsurface leachate increased linearly with increasing P rate”
t0“Tomato”
e1“tomato production”
Claim · model-written summary
First and second combined harvest marketable yield was unaffected in 2014.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- P application ratese1
- Outcome
- Tomato marketable yield at the first and second combined harveste0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tomato marketable yield at the first and second combined harvest was not affected in 2014”
t0“Tomato”
e1“as influenced by P application rates in a calcareous soil”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2015, combined harvest yield increased linearly before reaching a plateau at 56 kg ha −1.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 56 kg ha −1e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increased linearlye0
- Value
- 56 kg ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the yield increased linearly and attained a plateau at 56 kg ha −1 in 2015”
t0“Tomato”
e1“tomato production”
Claim · model-written summary
Total season marketable yield did not differ significantly among treatments in either year.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- treatmentse0
- Outcome
- total season marketable yieldse0
- Direction
- no significant differencese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were no significant differences among treatments in the total season marketable yields in either year”
t0“Tomato”
e1“tomato production”
Claim · model-written summary
Partial factor productivity decreased as phosphorus rate increased.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- P ratee0
- Outcome
- partial factor productivitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the partial factor productivity decreased with increasing P rate”
t0“Tomato”
e1“tomato production”
Claim · model-written summary
For calcareous soil with 37 to 51 mg kg −1 Mehlich‐3 extractable phosphorus, 56 kg ha −1 was considered sufficient for tomato production.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- 56 kg ha −1 can be the sufficient P ratee0
- Qualifier
- 37 to 51 mg kg −1 of Mehlich‐3 extractable Pe0
- Setting
- calcareous soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the calcareous soils with 37 to 51 mg kg −1 of Mehlich‐3 extractable P, 56 kg ha −1 can be the sufficient P rate for tomato production”
t0“Tomato”
e1“tomato production”
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See all 38 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.