Abstract
The plastid-localized phosphoglucose isomerase isoform PGI1 is an important determinant of growth in Arabidopsis thaliana, likely due to its involvement in the biosynthesis of plastidial isoprenoid-derived hormones. Here, we investigated whether PGI1 also influences seed yields. PGI1 is strongly expressed in maturing seed embryos and vascular tissues. PGI1-null pgi1-2 plants had ∼60% lower seed yields than wild-type plants, with reduced numbers of inflorescences and thus fewer siliques and seeds per plant. These traits were associated with low bioactive gibberellin (GA) contents. Accordingly, wild-type phenotypes were restored by exogenous GA application. pgi1-2 seeds were lighter and accumulated ∼50% less fatty acids (FAs) and ∼35% less protein than wild-type seeds. Seeds of cytokinin-deficient plants overexpressing CYTOKININ OXIDASE/DEHYDROGENASE1 (35S:AtCKX1) and GA-deficient ga20ox1 ga20ox2 mutants did not accumulate low levels of FAs, and exogenous application of the cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine and GAs did not rescue the reduced weight and FA content of pgi1-2 seeds. Seeds from reciprocal crosses between pgi1-2 and wild-type plants accumulated wild-type levels of FAs and proteins. Therefore, PGI1 is an important determinant of Arabidopsis seed yield due to its involvement in two processes: GA-mediated reproductive development and the metabolic conversion of plastidial glucose-6-phosphate to storage reserves in the embryo.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
PGI1 is strongly expressed in maturing embryos and vascular tissues.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae1 - Organ / stage
- maturing seed embryos and vascular tissuese0
- Gene
- PGI1e0
- Outcome
- strongly expressede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PGI1 is strongly expressed in maturing seed embryos and vascular tissues.”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
PGI1-null plants had about 60% lower seed yield than wild type.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Material
- pgi1-2e0
- Treatment
- PGI1-nulle0
- Gene
- PGI1e0
- Outcome
- seed yieldse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- ∼60%e0
- Comparator
- wild-type plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PGI1-null pgi1-2 plants had ∼60% lower seed yields than wild-type plants”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
PGI1-null plants had fewer inflorescences.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- PGI1-nulle0
- Outcome
- numbers of inflorescencese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- wild-type plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PGI1-null pgi1-2 plants had ∼60% lower seed yields than wild-type plants, with reduced numbers of inflorescences and thus fewer siliques and seeds per plant.”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
PGI1-null plants had fewer siliques and seeds per plant.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- PGI1-nulle0
- Outcome
- siliques and seeds per plante0
- Direction
- fewere0
- Comparator
- wild-type plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PGI1-null pgi1-2 plants had ∼60% lower seed yields than wild-type plants, with reduced numbers of inflorescences and thus fewer siliques and seeds per plant.”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
PGI1-null yield traits were associated with low bioactive GA contents.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae2
- Compound
- gibberellin (GA)e0
- Outcome
- These traitse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These traits were associated with low bioactive gibberellin (GA) contents.”
e1“PGI1-null pgi1-2 plants had ∼60% lower seed yields than wild-type plants”
e2“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous GA restored wild-type phenotypes in pgi1-2 plants.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae2
- Material
- pgi1-2e1
- Treatment
- exogenous GA applicatione0
- Outcome
- wild-type phenotypese0
- Direction
- restorede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wild-type phenotypes were restored by exogenous GA application.”
e1“pgi1-2 seeds were lighter”
e2“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
pgi1-2 seeds were lighter than wild-type seeds.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Material
- pgi1-2e0
- Treatment
- pgi1-2e0
- Outcome
- seedse0
- Direction
- lightere0
- Comparator
- wild-type seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pgi1-2 seeds were lighter and accumulated ∼50% less fatty acids (FAs) and ∼35% less protein than wild-type seeds.”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
pgi1-2 seeds accumulated about 50% less fatty acids.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Material
- pgi1-2e0
- Treatment
- pgi1-2e0
- Outcome
- fatty acids (FAs)e0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- ∼50%e0
- Comparator
- wild-type seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pgi1-2 seeds were lighter and accumulated ∼50% less fatty acids (FAs) and ∼35% less protein than wild-type seeds.”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
pgi1-2 seeds accumulated about 35% less protein.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Material
- pgi1-2e0
- Treatment
- pgi1-2e0
- Outcome
- proteine0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- ∼35%e0
- Comparator
- wild-type seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pgi1-2 seeds were lighter and accumulated ∼50% less fatty acids (FAs) and ∼35% less protein than wild-type seeds.”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Cytokinin-deficient 35S:AtCKX1 seeds did not have low fatty acid levels.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Material
- 35S:AtCKX1e0
- Gene
- CYTOKININ OXIDASE/DEHYDROGENASE1e0
- Outcome
- low levels of FAse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seeds of cytokinin-deficient plants overexpressing CYTOKININ OXIDASE/DEHYDROGENASE1 (35S:AtCKX1) and GA-deficient ga20ox1 ga20ox2 mutants did not accumulate low levels of FAs”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
GA-deficient ga20ox1 ga20ox2 mutant seeds did not have low fatty acid levels.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Material
- ga20ox1 ga20ox2 mutantse0
- Outcome
- low levels of FAse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seeds of cytokinin-deficient plants overexpressing CYTOKININ OXIDASE/DEHYDROGENASE1 (35S:AtCKX1) and GA-deficient ga20ox1 ga20ox2 mutants did not accumulate low levels of FAs”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Cytokinin application did not rescue reduced seed weight and fatty acid content.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Material
- pgi1-2e0
- Treatment
- cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurinee0
- Outcome
- reduced weight and FA contente0
- Direction
- did not rescuee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous application of the cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine and GAs did not rescue the reduced weight and FA content of pgi1-2 seeds.”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
GA application did not rescue reduced seed weight and fatty acid content.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Material
- pgi1-2e0
- Treatment
- GAse0
- Outcome
- reduced weight and FA contente0
- Direction
- did not rescuee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous application of the cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine and GAs did not rescue the reduced weight and FA content of pgi1-2 seeds.”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Reciprocal-cross seeds accumulated wild-type levels of fatty acids and proteins.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Material
- pgi1-2e0
- Outcome
- wild-type levels of FAs and proteinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seeds from reciprocal crosses between pgi1-2 and wild-type plants accumulated wild-type levels of FAs and proteins.”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
PGI1 affects seed yield through GA-mediated reproduction and conversion of plastidial glucose-6-phosphate to storage reserves.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Gene
- PGI1e0
- Outcome
- Arabidopsis seed yielde0
- Qualifier
- GA-mediated reproductive development and the metabolic conversion of plastidial glucose-6-phosphate to storage reserves in the embryoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PGI1 is an important determinant of Arabidopsis seed yield due to its involvement in two processes: GA-mediated reproductive development and the metabolic conversion of plastidial glucose-6-phosphate to storage reserves in the embryo.”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
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