Abstract
Basis for the effects of nitrogen (N) on wheat grain storage proteins (GSPs) and on the establishment of processing quality are far from clear. The response of GSPs and processing quality parameters to four N levels of four common wheat cultivars were investigated at two sites over two growing seasons. Except gluten index (GI), processing quality parameters as well as GSPs quantities were remarkably improved by increasing N level. N level explained 4.2~59.2% and 10.4~80.0% variability in GSPs fractions and processing quality parameters, respectively. The amount of N remobilized from vegetative organs except spike was significantly increased when enhancing N application. GSPs fractions and processing quality parameters except GI were only highly and positively correlated with the amount of N remobilized from stem with sheath. N reassimilation in grain was remarkably strengthened by the elevated activity and expression level of glutamine synthetase. Transcriptome analysis showed the molecular mechanism of seeds in response to N levels during 10~35 days post anthesis. Collectively, we provided comprehensive understanding of N-responding mechanisms with respect to wheat processing quality from N source to GSPs biosynthesis at the agronomic, physiological and molecular levels, and screened candidate genes for quality breeding.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen improved processing quality parameters except gluten index.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- increasing N levele0
- Outcome
- processing quality parameterse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- Except gluten index (GI)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Except gluten index (GI), processing quality parameters as well as GSPs quantities were remarkably improved by increasing N level.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen improved grain storage protein quantities.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increasing N levele0
- Outcome
- GSPs quantitiese0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Except gluten index (GI), processing quality parameters as well as GSPs quantities were remarkably improved by increasing N level.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen level explained 4.2~59.2% of variability in storage protein fractions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N levele0
- Outcome
- GSPs fractionse0
- Value
- 4.2~59.2%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N level explained 4.2~59.2% and 10.4~80.0% variability in GSPs fractions and processing quality parameters, respectively.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen level explained 10.4~80.0% of variability in processing quality parameters.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N levele0
- Outcome
- processing quality parameterse0
- Value
- 10.4~80.0%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N level explained 4.2~59.2% and 10.4~80.0% variability in GSPs fractions and processing quality parameters, respectively.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced nitrogen application significantly increased remobilization from vegetative organs except spike.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- vegetative organse0
- Treatment
- enhancing N applicatione0
- Outcome
- amount of N remobilizede0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- except spikee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amount of N remobilized from vegetative organs except spike was significantly increased when enhancing N application.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Storage protein fractions and quality parameters except GI correlated positively with nitrogen remobilized from stem with sheath.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- stem with sheathe0
- Compound
- Ne0
- Outcome
- GSPs fractions and processing quality parameterse0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
- Qualifier
- except GIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GSPs fractions and processing quality parameters except GI were only highly and positively correlated with the amount of N remobilized from stem with sheath.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated glutamine synthetase activity and expression strengthened nitrogen reassimilation in grain.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- graine0
- Gene
- glutamine synthetasee0
- Outcome
- N reassimilatione0
- Direction
- strengthenede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N reassimilation in grain was remarkably strengthened by the elevated activity and expression level of glutamine synthetase.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Transcriptomics revealed seed molecular responses to nitrogen during 10~35 days post anthesis.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- molecular mechanism of seeds in response to N levelse0
- Qualifier
- during 10~35 days post anthesise0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transcriptome analysis showed the molecular mechanism of seeds in response to N levels during 10~35 days post anthesis.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Candidate genes were screened for wheat quality breeding.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- candidate genes for quality breedinge0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“screened candidate genes for quality breeding”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · quality: general · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
73 papers in the same direction as this paper · 17 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
90 papers more in this group
See all 94 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.