Abstract
Ethylene stimulates the exaggerated hook formation in etiolated seedlings. It has been reported that other phytohormones, such as jasmonate or gibberellins, could inhibit or coordinate hook formation, respectively. However, whether any environmental factors participate in this process is unknown. Here, we show that in darkness, high ambient temperature suppresses the ethylene-triggered exaggerated hook formation in wild-type plants and reduces the hook curvatures in constitutively ethylene responsive mutants. Interestingly, high temperature does not abrogate the activity of the central transcription factor EIN3, suggesting that high temperature acts downstream of ethylene signaling. Next, we show that the natural auxin levels in the hook regions are reduced and their asymmetric distributions are disturbed upon high temperature treatment. To explore the mechanisms for reducing auxin accumulation, we monitor the transcription of several genes encoding auxin biosynthesis related enzymes and find that most YUCCA genes are transcriptionally down-regulated. Finally, we show that the currently reported plant thermo-sensory components in light-grown plants (phytochrome or PIF4) are not sufficient for thermo-sensing in etiolated seedlings. We speculate that in darkness, plants sense high ambient temperature through a distinct mechanism. Taken together, we demonstrate that high temperature suppresses ethylene-induced exaggerated hook formation via the inhibition of local auxin activities.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature suppressed ethylene-triggered exaggerated hook formation in darkness.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Treatment
- high ambient temperaturee0
- Outcome
- ethylene-triggered exaggerated hook formatione0
- Direction
- suppressese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in darkness, high ambient temperature suppresses the ethylene-triggered exaggerated hook formation in wild-type plants”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature reduced hook curvatures in constitutively ethylene-responsive mutants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- constitutively ethylene responsive mutantse0
- Treatment
- high temperaturee2
- Outcome
- hook curvaturese0
- Direction
- reducese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduces the hook curvatures in constitutively ethylene responsive mutants”
e2“high temperature does not abrogate the activity of the central transcription factor EIN3”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature did not abrogate EIN3 activity.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- high temperaturee0
- Gene
- EIN3e0
- Outcome
- activity of the central transcription factor EIN3e0
- Direction
- does not abrogatee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high temperature does not abrogate the activity of the central transcription factor EIN3”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature reduced natural auxin in hook regions.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- high temperature treatmente0
- Outcome
- natural auxin levels in the hook regionse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the natural auxin levels in the hook regions are reduced and their asymmetric distributions are disturbed upon high temperature treatment”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature disturbed asymmetric auxin distribution in hook regions.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- high temperature treatmente0
- Outcome
- asymmetric distributionse0
- Direction
- disturbede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the natural auxin levels in the hook regions are reduced and their asymmetric distributions are disturbed upon high temperature treatment”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Most YUCCA genes were transcriptionally down-regulated.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- YUCCA genese0
- Outcome
- transcriptionally down-regulatede0
- Direction
- down-regulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“most YUCCA genes are transcriptionally down-regulated.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Known light-grown thermo-sensory components were insufficient for thermo-sensing in etiolated seedlings.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- PIF4e0
- Outcome
- thermo-sensing in etiolated seedlingse0
- Direction
- not sufficiente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“phytochrome or PIF4) are not sufficient for thermo-sensing in etiolated seedlings.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
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