Abstract
Core Ideas Plant Na + content doubled with daytime sprinkler irrigation. Plant Na + content increased by 30% with high irrigation frequency. Irrigation frequency was not relevant for nighttime sprinkler irrigation of maize. High irrigation frequency during daytime reduced maize yield and water use efficiency. Sprinkler irrigation with solid‐set systems easily allows changing irrigation frequency. We studied, under field conditions and during 3 yr, the effects of irrigation frequency (two events per week or daily) and daytime vs. nighttime irrigation on microclimatic changes, soil matric potential, growth, yield, and water use of maize ( Zea mays L.). Microclimatic changes (decrease of air temperature and vapor pressure deficit, and of canopy temperature) were slightly larger and lasted for more time after the irrigation event with low frequency irrigation. Increasing irrigation frequency during daytime resulted in a lower soil matric potential. Irrigating at nighttime resulted in higher maize height (+3%) and yield (+10%) than irrigating at daytime. The high irrigation frequency decreased maize height (−7%) and yield (−5%) compared with the low irrigation frequency when irrigation was performed at daytime but not at nighttime. The Na + content of the plant was doubled with daytime sprinkler irrigation compared with nighttime irrigation, and was increased by 30% when the irrigation frequency was increased. Water use efficiency (WUE) was not affected by irrigation frequency when irrigating at nighttime, but it decreased with the increase of irrigation frequency when irrigation was applied during daytime. Sprinkler irrigation with solid‐set must be applied at night to obtain the maximum maize yield and WUE. Irrigation frequency is not relevant for sprinkler irrigation of maize applied at night, but high irrigation frequency should be avoided when maize is sprinkler irrigated during daytime to avoid yield and WUE decreases.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed other-oa. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Low frequency irrigation produced slightly larger, longer lasting microclimatic cooling.
- Treatment
- low frequency irrigatione0
- Outcome
- Microclimatic changese0
- Direction
- largere0
- Qualifier
- lasted for more timee0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Microclimatic changes (decrease of air temperature and vapor pressure deficit, and of canopy temperature) were slightly larger and lasted for more time after the irrigation event with low frequency irrigation.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing daytime irrigation frequency lowered soil matric potential.
- Treatment
- Increasing irrigation frequency during daytimee0
- Outcome
- soil matric potentiale0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing irrigation frequency during daytime resulted in a lower soil matric potential.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Nighttime irrigation increased maize height by 3% relative to daytime.
- Treatment
- Irrigating at nighttimee0
- Outcome
- maize heighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- +3%e0
- Comparator
- irrigating at daytimee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigating at nighttime resulted in higher maize height (+3%) and yield (+10%) than irrigating at daytime.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nighttime irrigation increased maize yield by 10% relative to daytime.
- Treatment
- Irrigating at nighttimee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- +10%e0
- Comparator
- irrigating at daytimee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigating at nighttime resulted in higher maize height (+3%) and yield (+10%) than irrigating at daytime.”
Claim · model-written summary
High daytime irrigation frequency decreased maize height by 7%.
- Treatment
- high irrigation frequencye0
- Outcome
- maize heighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- −7%e0
- Qualifier
- at daytimee0
- Comparator
- low irrigation frequencye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The high irrigation frequency decreased maize height (−7%) and yield (−5%) compared with the low irrigation frequency when irrigation was performed at daytime but not at nighttime.”
Claim · model-written summary
High daytime irrigation frequency decreased maize yield by 5%.
- Treatment
- high irrigation frequencye0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- −5%e0
- Qualifier
- at daytimee0
- Comparator
- low irrigation frequencye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The high irrigation frequency decreased maize height (−7%) and yield (−5%) compared with the low irrigation frequency when irrigation was performed at daytime but not at nighttime.”
Claim · model-written summary
Daytime sprinkler irrigation doubled plant sodium content relative to nighttime.
- Treatment
- daytime sprinkler irrigatione0
- Outcome
- Na + content of the plante0
- Direction
- doublede0
- Comparator
- nighttime irrigatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Na + content of the plant was doubled with daytime sprinkler irrigation compared with nighttime irrigation, and was increased by 30% when the irrigation frequency was increased.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing irrigation frequency increased plant sodium content by 30%.
- Treatment
- irrigation frequency was increasede0
- Outcome
- Na + content of the plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 30%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Na + content of the plant was doubled with daytime sprinkler irrigation compared with nighttime irrigation, and was increased by 30% when the irrigation frequency was increased.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
At night, irrigation frequency did not affect water use efficiency.
- Treatment
- irrigation frequencye0
- Outcome
- Water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- not affectede0
- Qualifier
- at nighttimee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water use efficiency (WUE) was not affected by irrigation frequency when irrigating at nighttime, but it decreased with the increase of irrigation frequency when irrigation was applied during daytime.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing daytime irrigation frequency decreased water use efficiency.
- Treatment
- increase of irrigation frequencye0
- Outcome
- Water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- during daytimee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water use efficiency (WUE) was not affected by irrigation frequency when irrigating at nighttime, but it decreased with the increase of irrigation frequency when irrigation was applied during daytime.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend nighttime sprinkler irrigation for maximum yield and water use efficiency.
- Outcome
- must be applied at nighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sprinkler irrigation with solid‐set must be applied at night to obtain the maximum maize yield and WUE.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend avoiding high daytime irrigation frequency.
- Outcome
- high irrigation frequency should be avoidede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high irrigation frequency should be avoided when maize is sprinkler irrigated during daytime to avoid yield and WUE decreases.”
The same questions in other papers
irrigation · molecular: metabolites · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 14 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
21 papers more in this group
See all 25 papers →irrigation · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
207 papers in the same direction as this paper · 80 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- negative
285 papers more in this group
See all 289 papers →irrigation · physiology: water · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
39 papers in the same direction as this paper · 284 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
320 papers more in this group
See all 324 papers →irrigation · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
790 papers in the same direction as this paper · 209 in the opposite direction · 16 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- positive
- negative
1,012 papers more in this group
See all 1,016 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.