Abstract
BACKGROUND: Mango fruit harvested at green mature stage were treated with methyl jasmonate (MeJA), nitric oxide (NO), or salicylic acid (SA) to investigate their effects on phytochemical concentrations in ripe fruit. RESULTS: Fruit fumigated with MeJA showed the highest increase in the concentrations of gallic acid (33.0%), caffeic acid (80.0%), total phenols (38.4%), and total antioxidant capacity (20.9%) in the peel, and total carotenoids (48.7%) in the pulp, compared to control. The fruit dipped in SA showed the highest increase in the concentrations of lupeol (59.8%) and ferulic acid (73.2%) in the pulp and ferulic acid (67.4%) in the peel. Fruit fumigated with NO or MeJA showed the highest concentrations of lupeol in the peel (94.3%, 119.4%), and gallic acid (37.9%, 61.0%), total phenols (62.7%, 31.0%), and ascorbic acid (17.7%, 18.8%) in the pulp respectively. All the elicitor treatments were significantly effective in increasing concentrations of mangiferin and chlorogenic acid in the pulp and peel, vanillic acid in the peel, and total antioxidant capacity in the pulp. CONCLUSION: ) was identified as the most effective elicitor for triggering phytochemical production during ripening of harvested mango fruit. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
MeJA fumigation raised gallic acid in mango peel by 33.0% relative to control.
- Taxon
- mango
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Mangifera indicat0 - Organ / stage
- peele1
- Treatment
- fumigated with MeJAe1
- Outcome
- gallic acide1
- Direction
- highest increasee1
- Value
- 33.0%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_from_India.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“ripe mango fruit”
e1“Fruit fumigated with MeJA showed the highest increase in the concentrations of gallic acid (33.0%), caffeic acid (80.0%), total phenols (38.4%), and total antioxidant capacity (20.9%) in the peel, and total carotenoids (48.7%) in the pulp, compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
MeJA fumigation raised caffeic acid in mango peel by 80.0% relative to control.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Organ / stage
- peele1
- Treatment
- fumigated with MeJAe1
- Outcome
- caffeic acide1
- Direction
- highest increasee1
- Value
- 80.0%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ripe mango fruit”
e1“Fruit fumigated with MeJA showed the highest increase in the concentrations of gallic acid (33.0%), caffeic acid (80.0%), total phenols (38.4%), and total antioxidant capacity (20.9%) in the peel, and total carotenoids (48.7%) in the pulp, compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
MeJA fumigation raised total phenols in mango peel by 38.4% relative to control.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Organ / stage
- peele1
- Treatment
- fumigated with MeJAe1
- Outcome
- total phenolse1
- Direction
- highest increasee1
- Value
- 38.4%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ripe mango fruit”
e1“Fruit fumigated with MeJA showed the highest increase in the concentrations of gallic acid (33.0%), caffeic acid (80.0%), total phenols (38.4%), and total antioxidant capacity (20.9%) in the peel, and total carotenoids (48.7%) in the pulp, compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
MeJA fumigation raised total antioxidant capacity in mango peel by 20.9% relative to control.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Organ / stage
- peele1
- Treatment
- fumigated with MeJAe1
- Outcome
- total antioxidant capacitye1
- Direction
- highest increasee1
- Value
- 20.9%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ripe mango fruit”
e1“Fruit fumigated with MeJA showed the highest increase in the concentrations of gallic acid (33.0%), caffeic acid (80.0%), total phenols (38.4%), and total antioxidant capacity (20.9%) in the peel, and total carotenoids (48.7%) in the pulp, compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
MeJA fumigation raised total carotenoids in mango pulp by 48.7% relative to control.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Organ / stage
- pulpe1
- Treatment
- fumigated with MeJAe1
- Outcome
- total carotenoidse1
- Direction
- highest increasee1
- Value
- 48.7%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ripe mango fruit”
e1“Fruit fumigated with MeJA showed the highest increase in the concentrations of gallic acid (33.0%), caffeic acid (80.0%), total phenols (38.4%), and total antioxidant capacity (20.9%) in the peel, and total carotenoids (48.7%) in the pulp, compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
SA dipping raised lupeol in mango pulp by 59.8%.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Organ / stage
- pulpe2
- Treatment
- dipped in SAe2
- Outcome
- lupeole2
- Direction
- highest increasee2
- Value
- 59.8%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ripe mango fruit”
e2“The fruit dipped in SA showed the highest increase in the concentrations of lupeol (59.8%) and ferulic acid (73.2%) in the pulp and ferulic acid (67.4%) in the peel”
Claim · model-written summary
SA dipping raised ferulic acid in mango pulp by 73.2%.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Organ / stage
- pulpe2
- Treatment
- dipped in SAe2
- Outcome
- ferulic acide2
- Direction
- highest increasee2
- Value
- 73.2%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ripe mango fruit”
e2“The fruit dipped in SA showed the highest increase in the concentrations of lupeol (59.8%) and ferulic acid (73.2%) in the pulp and ferulic acid (67.4%) in the peel”
Claim · model-written summary
SA dipping raised ferulic acid in mango peel by 67.4%.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Organ / stage
- peele2
- Treatment
- dipped in SAe2
- Outcome
- ferulic acide2
- Direction
- highest increasee2
- Value
- 67.4%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ripe mango fruit”
e2“The fruit dipped in SA showed the highest increase in the concentrations of lupeol (59.8%) and ferulic acid (73.2%) in the pulp and ferulic acid (67.4%) in the peel”
Claim · model-written summary
NO fumigation gave the highest lupeol in mango peel, 94.3%.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Organ / stage
- peele3
- Treatment
- NOe3
- Outcome
- lupeole3
- Direction
- highest concentrationse3
- Value
- 94.3%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ripe mango fruit”
e3“Fruit fumigated with NO or MeJA showed the highest concentrations of lupeol in the peel (94.3%, 119.4%), and gallic acid (37.9%, 61.0%), total phenols (62.7%, 31.0%), and ascorbic acid (17.7%, 18.8%) in the pulp respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
MeJA fumigation gave the highest lupeol in mango peel, 119.4%.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Organ / stage
- peele3
- Treatment
- MeJAe3
- Outcome
- lupeole3
- Direction
- highest concentrationse3
- Value
- 119.4%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ripe mango fruit”
e3“Fruit fumigated with NO or MeJA showed the highest concentrations of lupeol in the peel (94.3%, 119.4%), and gallic acid (37.9%, 61.0%), total phenols (62.7%, 31.0%), and ascorbic acid (17.7%, 18.8%) in the pulp respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
NO fumigation gave the highest gallic acid in mango pulp, 37.9%.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Organ / stage
- pulpe3
- Treatment
- NOe3
- Outcome
- gallic acide3
- Direction
- highest concentrationse3
- Value
- 37.9%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ripe mango fruit”
e3“Fruit fumigated with NO or MeJA showed the highest concentrations of lupeol in the peel (94.3%, 119.4%), and gallic acid (37.9%, 61.0%), total phenols (62.7%, 31.0%), and ascorbic acid (17.7%, 18.8%) in the pulp respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
MeJA fumigation gave the highest gallic acid in mango pulp, 61.0%.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Organ / stage
- pulpe3
- Treatment
- MeJAe3
- Outcome
- gallic acide3
- Direction
- highest concentrationse3
- Value
- 61.0%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ripe mango fruit”
e3“Fruit fumigated with NO or MeJA showed the highest concentrations of lupeol in the peel (94.3%, 119.4%), and gallic acid (37.9%, 61.0%), total phenols (62.7%, 31.0%), and ascorbic acid (17.7%, 18.8%) in the pulp respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
NO fumigation gave the highest total phenols in mango pulp, 62.7%.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Organ / stage
- pulpe3
- Treatment
- NOe3
- Outcome
- total phenolse3
- Direction
- highest concentrationse3
- Value
- 62.7%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ripe mango fruit”
e3“Fruit fumigated with NO or MeJA showed the highest concentrations of lupeol in the peel (94.3%, 119.4%), and gallic acid (37.9%, 61.0%), total phenols (62.7%, 31.0%), and ascorbic acid (17.7%, 18.8%) in the pulp respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
MeJA fumigation gave the highest total phenols in mango pulp, 31.0%.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Organ / stage
- pulpe3
- Treatment
- MeJAe3
- Outcome
- total phenolse3
- Direction
- highest concentrationse3
- Value
- 31.0%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ripe mango fruit”
e3“Fruit fumigated with NO or MeJA showed the highest concentrations of lupeol in the peel (94.3%, 119.4%), and gallic acid (37.9%, 61.0%), total phenols (62.7%, 31.0%), and ascorbic acid (17.7%, 18.8%) in the pulp respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
NO fumigation gave the highest ascorbic acid in mango pulp, 17.7%.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Organ / stage
- pulpe3
- Treatment
- NOe3
- Outcome
- ascorbic acide3
- Direction
- highest concentrationse3
- Value
- 17.7%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ripe mango fruit”
e3“Fruit fumigated with NO or MeJA showed the highest concentrations of lupeol in the peel (94.3%, 119.4%), and gallic acid (37.9%, 61.0%), total phenols (62.7%, 31.0%), and ascorbic acid (17.7%, 18.8%) in the pulp respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
MeJA fumigation gave the highest ascorbic acid in mango pulp, 18.8%.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Organ / stage
- pulpe3
- Treatment
- MeJAe3
- Outcome
- ascorbic acide3
- Direction
- highest concentrationse3
- Value
- 18.8%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ripe mango fruit”
e3“Fruit fumigated with NO or MeJA showed the highest concentrations of lupeol in the peel (94.3%, 119.4%), and gallic acid (37.9%, 61.0%), total phenols (62.7%, 31.0%), and ascorbic acid (17.7%, 18.8%) in the pulp respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Elicitor treatments significantly increased mangiferin and chlorogenic acid in mango pulp and peel.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Organ / stage
- pulp and peele4
- Treatment
- elicitor treatmentse4
- Outcome
- mangiferin and chlorogenic acide4
- Direction
- increasinge4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ripe mango fruit”
e4“All the elicitor treatments were significantly effective in increasing concentrations of mangiferin and chlorogenic acid in the pulp and peel, vanillic acid in the peel, and total antioxidant capacity in the pulp”
Claim · model-written summary
Elicitor treatments significantly increased vanillic acid in mango peel.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Organ / stage
- peele4
- Treatment
- elicitor treatmentse4
- Outcome
- vanillic acide4
- Direction
- increasinge4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ripe mango fruit”
e4“All the elicitor treatments were significantly effective in increasing concentrations of mangiferin and chlorogenic acid in the pulp and peel, vanillic acid in the peel, and total antioxidant capacity in the pulp”
Claim · model-written summary
Elicitor treatments significantly increased total antioxidant capacity in mango pulp.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Organ / stage
- pulpe4
- Treatment
- elicitor treatmentse4
- Outcome
- total antioxidant capacitye4
- Direction
- increasinge4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ripe mango fruit”
e4“All the elicitor treatments were significantly effective in increasing concentrations of mangiferin and chlorogenic acid in the pulp and peel, vanillic acid in the peel, and total antioxidant capacity in the pulp”
Claim · model-written summary
An elicitor was identified as the most effective for phytochemical production during ripening of harvested mango fruit.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- elicitore5
- Outcome
- phytochemical productione5
- Direction
- most effectivee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ripe mango fruit”
e5“was identified as the most effective elicitor for triggering phytochemical production during ripening of harvested mango fruit”
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8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.