Abstract
Abstract Elevated CO 2 and O 3 can affect aphid performance via altering plant nutrients, however, little is known about the role of plant secondary metabolites in this process, especially for aphids feeding behaviors. We determined the effects of elevated CO 2 and O 3 on the growth and phenolics of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa ) and feeding behaviors of the pea aphids ( Acyrthosiphon pisum ) and cowpea aphids ( Aphis craccivora ). Elevated CO 2 improved plant growth, but could not completely offset the negative effects of elevated O 3 . Elevated O 3 increased foliar genistin content at the vegetative stage, increased ferulic acid at the reproductive stage, and elevated CO 2 increased those at both stages. Simultaneously elevated CO 2 and O 3 increased foliar ferulic acid content at the reproductive stage and increased genistin content at both stages. For pea aphids, feeding efficiency was reduced under elevated CO 2 at the reproductive stage and decreased under elevated O 3 at the vegetative stage. For cowpea aphids, feeding efficiency was increased under elevated CO 2 at the vegetative stage and decreased under elevated O 3 at both stages. Simultaneously elevated CO 2 and O 3 decreased both aphids feeding efficiency. We concluded that CO 2 and O 3 independently or interactively had different effects on two aphids feeding behaviors through altering foliar ferulic acid and genistin contents.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 improved alfalfa growth but did not completely offset the negative effects of elevated O3.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativae0 - Treatment
- elevated CO 2e1
- Outcome
- plant growthe1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Qualifier
- could not completely offset the negative effects of elevated O 3e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We determined the effects of elevated CO 2 and O 3 on the growth and phenolics of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa ) and feeding behaviors of the pea aphids ( Acyrthosiphon pisum ) and cowpea aphids ( Aphis craccivora )”
e1“Elevated CO 2 improved plant growth, but could not completely offset the negative effects of elevated O 3”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated O3 increased foliar genistin content of alfalfa at the vegetative stage.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Organ / stage
- vegetative stagee2
- Treatment
- Elevated O 3e2
- Compound
- genistine2
- Outcome
- foliar genistin contente2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We determined the effects of elevated CO 2 and O 3 on the growth and phenolics of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa ) and feeding behaviors of the pea aphids ( Acyrthosiphon pisum ) and cowpea aphids ( Aphis craccivora )”
e2“Elevated O 3 increased foliar genistin content at the vegetative stage, increased ferulic acid at the reproductive stage, and elevated CO 2 increased those at both stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated O3 increased foliar ferulic acid of alfalfa at the reproductive stage.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Organ / stage
- reproductive stagee2
- Treatment
- Elevated O 3e2
- Compound
- ferulic acide2
- Outcome
- ferulic acide2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We determined the effects of elevated CO 2 and O 3 on the growth and phenolics of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa ) and feeding behaviors of the pea aphids ( Acyrthosiphon pisum ) and cowpea aphids ( Aphis craccivora )”
e2“Elevated O 3 increased foliar genistin content at the vegetative stage, increased ferulic acid at the reproductive stage, and elevated CO 2 increased those at both stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased foliar genistin content of alfalfa at both stages.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Organ / stage
- both stagese2
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e2
- Compound
- genistine2
- Outcome
- genistin contente2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We determined the effects of elevated CO 2 and O 3 on the growth and phenolics of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa ) and feeding behaviors of the pea aphids ( Acyrthosiphon pisum ) and cowpea aphids ( Aphis craccivora )”
e2“Elevated O 3 increased foliar genistin content at the vegetative stage, increased ferulic acid at the reproductive stage, and elevated CO 2 increased those at both stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased foliar ferulic acid of alfalfa at both stages.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Organ / stage
- both stagese2
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e2
- Compound
- ferulic acide2
- Outcome
- ferulic acide2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We determined the effects of elevated CO 2 and O 3 on the growth and phenolics of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa ) and feeding behaviors of the pea aphids ( Acyrthosiphon pisum ) and cowpea aphids ( Aphis craccivora )”
e2“Elevated O 3 increased foliar genistin content at the vegetative stage, increased ferulic acid at the reproductive stage, and elevated CO 2 increased those at both stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Simultaneously elevated CO2 and O3 increased foliar ferulic acid content of alfalfa at the reproductive stage.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Organ / stage
- reproductive stagee3
- Treatment
- Simultaneously elevated CO 2 and O 3e3
- Compound
- ferulic acide3
- Outcome
- foliar ferulic acid contente3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We determined the effects of elevated CO 2 and O 3 on the growth and phenolics of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa ) and feeding behaviors of the pea aphids ( Acyrthosiphon pisum ) and cowpea aphids ( Aphis craccivora )”
e3“Simultaneously elevated CO 2 and O 3 increased foliar ferulic acid content at the reproductive stage and increased genistin content at both stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Simultaneously elevated CO2 and O3 increased foliar genistin content of alfalfa at both stages.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Organ / stage
- both stagese3
- Treatment
- Simultaneously elevated CO 2 and O 3e3
- Compound
- genistine3
- Outcome
- genistin contente3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We determined the effects of elevated CO 2 and O 3 on the growth and phenolics of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa ) and feeding behaviors of the pea aphids ( Acyrthosiphon pisum ) and cowpea aphids ( Aphis craccivora )”
e3“Simultaneously elevated CO 2 and O 3 increased foliar ferulic acid content at the reproductive stage and increased genistin content at both stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 reduced feeding efficiency of pea aphids at the reproductive stage.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Organ / stage
- reproductive stagee4
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e4
- Interactor
- pea aphids
-PLoS.jpg?width=60)
Acyrthosiphon pisume4pest - Outcome
- feeding efficiencye4
- Direction
- reducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
-PLoS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“We determined the effects of elevated CO 2 and O 3 on the growth and phenolics of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa ) and feeding behaviors of the pea aphids ( Acyrthosiphon pisum ) and cowpea aphids ( Aphis craccivora )”
e4“For pea aphids, feeding efficiency was reduced under elevated CO 2 at the reproductive stage and decreased under elevated O 3 at the vegetative stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated O3 decreased feeding efficiency of pea aphids at the vegetative stage.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Organ / stage
- vegetative stagee4
- Treatment
- elevated O 3e4
- Interactor
- pea aphidsAcyrthosiphon pisume4pest
- Outcome
- feeding efficiencye4
- Direction
- decreasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We determined the effects of elevated CO 2 and O 3 on the growth and phenolics of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa ) and feeding behaviors of the pea aphids ( Acyrthosiphon pisum ) and cowpea aphids ( Aphis craccivora )”
e4“For pea aphids, feeding efficiency was reduced under elevated CO 2 at the reproductive stage and decreased under elevated O 3 at the vegetative stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased feeding efficiency of cowpea aphids at the vegetative stage.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Organ / stage
- vegetative stagee5
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e5
- Interactor
- cowpea aphids
Aphis craccivorae5pest - Outcome
- feeding efficiencye5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We determined the effects of elevated CO 2 and O 3 on the growth and phenolics of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa ) and feeding behaviors of the pea aphids ( Acyrthosiphon pisum ) and cowpea aphids ( Aphis craccivora )”
e5“For cowpea aphids, feeding efficiency was increased under elevated CO 2 at the vegetative stage and decreased under elevated O 3 at both stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated O3 decreased feeding efficiency of cowpea aphids at both stages.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Organ / stage
- both stagese5
- Treatment
- elevated O 3e5
- Interactor
- cowpea aphidsAphis craccivorae5pest
- Outcome
- feeding efficiencye5
- Direction
- decreasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We determined the effects of elevated CO 2 and O 3 on the growth and phenolics of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa ) and feeding behaviors of the pea aphids ( Acyrthosiphon pisum ) and cowpea aphids ( Aphis craccivora )”
e5“For cowpea aphids, feeding efficiency was increased under elevated CO 2 at the vegetative stage and decreased under elevated O 3 at both stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Simultaneously elevated CO2 and O3 decreased feeding efficiency of both aphid species.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- Simultaneously elevated CO 2 and O 3e6
- Interactor
- aphidsAphidomorphae6pest
- Outcome
- feeding efficiencye6
- Direction
- decreasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We determined the effects of elevated CO 2 and O 3 on the growth and phenolics of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa ) and feeding behaviors of the pea aphids ( Acyrthosiphon pisum ) and cowpea aphids ( Aphis craccivora )”
e6“Simultaneously elevated CO 2 and O 3 decreased both aphids feeding efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
CO2 and O3 act independently or interactively on aphid feeding behaviour by altering foliar ferulic acid and genistin contents.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Compound
- ferulic acide7
- Outcome
- feeding behaviorse7
- Qualifier
- through altering foliar ferulic acid and genistin contentse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We determined the effects of elevated CO 2 and O 3 on the growth and phenolics of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa ) and feeding behaviors of the pea aphids ( Acyrthosiphon pisum ) and cowpea aphids ( Aphis craccivora )”
e7“We concluded that CO 2 and O 3 independently or interactively had different effects on two aphids feeding behaviors through altering foliar ferulic acid and genistin contents”
The same questions in other papers
ozone · Acyrthosiphon pisum · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
co2 · growth · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
16 papers more in this group
See all 20 papers →co2 · Aphis craccivora · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.