Abstract
Germination is the first important step of the plant growth in the land. The germination and growth of sorghum in marginal land can be optimized by inoculating with PGPR (inoculants), hydrogel and CMC (carriers). The aim of the research was to evaluate the response of germination and seedling growth of sorghum using PGPR inoculation with hydrogel and CMC as carriers (in vitro) and pots containing sterile sand (in vivo). The experiment used PGPR (Azospirillum lipoferum 1103D, Azotobacter chroococcum 4103D, and Bacillus sp. 3D), and hydrogels as the reserve water, as well as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as the adhesive media. The results showed that the combination of PGPR-mix (Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Bacillus) with hydrogels as bio-organic fertilizer and CMC as carriers has promoted the growth of the roots, shoots and vigour index of in vitro sorghum germination, as well as increased the root length, shoot length and total dry weight of sorghum seedlings in pots containing sterile sand. The best result of in vitro experiment (root length = 8.67 cm; shoot length = 12.6 cm; and vigor index = 2127.00) was obtained by sorghum seed inoculated with single PGPR inoculant (A. lipoferum) with carrier of CMC. The root length, shoot length and total dry weight of the highest sorghum seedlings were obtained by PGPR-mix inoculants without carriers (46.5 cm, 12 cm, and 0.477 g), PGPR-mix with carrier of CMC (48.67 cm, 15.67 cm, and 0.431 g), and PGPR-mix with carrier of hydrogel (48.67 cm, 15 cm, and 0.430 g).
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR mix with hydrogel and CMC promoted in vitro sorghum root and shoot growth and vigour index.
- Treatment
- PGPR-mix (Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Bacillus) with hydrogels as bio-organic fertilizer and CMC as carrierse0
- Interactor
- Azospirillum
Azospirillume0symbiont - Outcome
- growth of the roots, shoots and vigour indexe0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Qualifier
- Azotobacter, Bacilluse0
SorghumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combination of PGPR-mix (Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Bacillus) with hydrogels as bio-organic fertilizer and CMC as carriers has promoted the growth of the roots, shoots and vigour index of in vitro sorghum germination”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR mix with hydrogel and CMC increased root length, shoot length and total dry weight of sorghum seedlings in sterile sand pots.
- Treatment
- PGPR-mix (Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Bacillus) with hydrogels as bio-organic fertilizer and CMC as carrierse1
- Interactor
- AzospirillumAzospirillume1symbiont
- Outcome
- root length, shoot length and total dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- Azotobacter, Bacilluse1
- Setting
- pots containing sterile sande0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased the root length, shoot length and total dry weight of sorghum seedlings in pots containing sterile sand”
e1“the combination of PGPR-mix (Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Bacillus) with hydrogels as bio-organic fertilizer and CMC as carriers”
Claim · model-written summary
In vitro root length reached 8.67 cm with A. lipoferum and CMC, the reported best treatment.
- Treatment
- inoculated with single PGPR inoculant (A. lipoferum) with carrier of CMCe1
- Interactor
- A. lipoferumAzospirillum lipoferume1symbiont
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Value
- 8.67 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root length = 8.67 cm”
e1“sorghum seed inoculated with single PGPR inoculant (A. lipoferum) with carrier of CMC”
Claim · model-written summary
In vitro shoot length reached 12.6 cm with A. lipoferum and CMC.
- Treatment
- inoculated with single PGPR inoculant (A. lipoferum) with carrier of CMCe1
- Interactor
- A. lipoferumAzospirillum lipoferume1symbiont
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe0
- Value
- 12.6 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“shoot length = 12.6 cm”
e1“sorghum seed inoculated with single PGPR inoculant (A. lipoferum) with carrier of CMC”
Claim · model-written summary
In vitro vigor index reached 2127.00 with A. lipoferum and CMC.
- Treatment
- inoculated with single PGPR inoculant (A. lipoferum) with carrier of CMCe1
- Interactor
- A. lipoferumAzospirillum lipoferume1symbiont
- Outcome
- vigor indexe0
- Value
- 2127.00e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“vigor index = 2127.00”
e1“sorghum seed inoculated with single PGPR inoculant (A. lipoferum) with carrier of CMC”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR mix without carriers yielded sorghum seedling root length of 46.5 cm.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PGPR-mix inoculants without carriers (46.5 cm, 12 cm, and 0.477 g)”
e1“root length, shoot length and total dry weight of the highest sorghum seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR mix without carriers yielded sorghum seedling shoot length of 12 cm.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PGPR-mix inoculants without carriers (46.5 cm, 12 cm, and 0.477 g)”
e1“root length, shoot length and total dry weight of the highest sorghum seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR mix without carriers yielded sorghum seedling total dry weight of 0.477 g.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PGPR-mix inoculants without carriers (46.5 cm, 12 cm, and 0.477 g)”
e1“root length, shoot length and total dry weight of the highest sorghum seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR mix with CMC yielded sorghum seedling root length of 48.67 cm.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PGPR-mix with carrier of CMC (48.67 cm, 15.67 cm, and 0.431 g)”
e1“root length, shoot length and total dry weight of the highest sorghum seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR mix with CMC yielded sorghum seedling shoot length of 15.67 cm.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PGPR-mix with carrier of CMC (48.67 cm, 15.67 cm, and 0.431 g)”
e1“root length, shoot length and total dry weight of the highest sorghum seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR mix with CMC yielded sorghum seedling total dry weight of 0.431 g.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PGPR-mix with carrier of CMC (48.67 cm, 15.67 cm, and 0.431 g)”
e1“root length, shoot length and total dry weight of the highest sorghum seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR mix with hydrogel yielded sorghum seedling root length of 48.67 cm.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PGPR-mix with carrier of hydrogel (48.67 cm, 15 cm, and 0.430 g)”
e1“root length, shoot length and total dry weight of the highest sorghum seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR mix with hydrogel yielded sorghum seedling shoot length of 15 cm.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PGPR-mix with carrier of hydrogel (48.67 cm, 15 cm, and 0.430 g)”
e1“root length, shoot length and total dry weight of the highest sorghum seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR mix with hydrogel yielded sorghum seedling total dry weight of 0.430 g.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PGPR-mix with carrier of hydrogel (48.67 cm, 15 cm, and 0.430 g)”
e1“root length, shoot length and total dry weight of the highest sorghum seedlings”
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See all 76 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.