Abstract
Although 75 years have passed since that first evidence that boron (B) is an essential element for higher plants, a definitive primary function of B in plants in not yet clearly revealed. B shows some of the most distinct and typical effects on cell elongation and cell division, tissue differentiation, menbrane permeability, pollen germination and pollen tube growth. In general, low B contents in soil are in connection with high levels of Ca, while B toxicity is a common problem in arid and semiarid regions of the world. B supply could be especially important for seed production of crops including those of moderate B needs, for example corn. Because of considerable response of plant genotypes to B , we tested response of five corn genotypes to B fertilization. Five corn genotypes (parents of hybrid corn) response to B (soil incorporation immediately before sowing in form of borax) fertilization were tested under field conditions (Osijek eutrical cambisol and Bizovac black soil) as follows: a) controlunfertilized plot ; b) ordinary fertilization (160 kg N + 140 kg P2O5 and 210 kg K2O ha-1 ; c) b + 1.5 kg B ha-1 d) b + 3.0 kg B ha-1 ; e) b + 4.5 kg B ha-1. The soils have been different of plant available B (extraction of B with hot water), pH and CaCO3 contents, as well as similar properties concerning organic matter and plant available P and K (AL-method) contents. Grain yields were calculated on 14% moisture basis. Germination capacity was determined by the cold test. Average grain yild on Osijek soil was 36% higher compared to Bizovac soil. Also, NPK fertilization resulted by 37% and 10% yield increases compared to control, for Bizovac and Osijek soil, respectively. B fertilization resulted by significant increases of corn yield (for 11% comparison to ordinary fertilization) only on Bizovac soil. Also, by application of the highest B rate corn yield decreased on Bizovac soil to level of ordinary fertilization, while on Osijek soil non-significant yield differences among fertilization treatments were found. In general, soil characteristics and genotype were more influencing factors of corn yields in comparison to fertilization. Also, germination capacity, 3-day dynamics of germination and weight of 100 grains, were under considerable influenced of soil and genotype, while differences of these properties among fertilization treatments were non- significant Corn crop was normal morphological characteristics in both experiments. They were found considerable response of corn to B fertilization both on the level of genotypes and soil types. We recommend B fertilization for seed-corn crop, especially under conditions of moderate B supplies and/or growing of more susceptible genotypes.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Boron fertilization significantly increased corn yield by 11% compared with ordinary fertilization, only on Bizovac soil.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- B fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- corn yielde0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 11%e0
- Comparator
- ordinary fertilizatione0
- Setting
- Bizovac soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B fertilization resulted by significant increases of corn yield (for 11% comparison to ordinary fertilization) only on Bizovac soil”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest boron rate decreased corn yield on Bizovac soil to the level of ordinary fertilization.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- highest B ratee1
- Outcome
- corn yielde1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Comparator
- ordinary fertilizatione1
- Setting
- Bizovac soile1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“by application of the highest B rate corn yield decreased on Bizovac soil to level of ordinary fertilization, while on Osijek soil non-significant yield differences among fertilization treatments were found”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK fertilization increased corn yield by 37% on Bizovac soil and 10% on Osijek soil compared with control.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse6
- Treatment
- NPK fertilizatione2
- Outcome
- yielde2
- Direction
- increasese2
- Value
- 37% and 10%e2
- Comparator
- controle2
- Setting
- Bizovac and Osijek soile2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“NPK fertilization resulted by 37% and 10% yield increases compared to control, for Bizovac and Osijek soil, respectively”
e6“Corn crop was normal morphological characteristics in both experiments”
Claim · model-written summary
Average grain yield on Osijek soil was 36% higher than on Bizovac soil.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse6
- Outcome
- grain yilde3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 36%e3
- Comparator
- Bizovac soile3
- Setting
- Osijek soile3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Average grain yild on Osijek soil was 36% higher compared to Bizovac soil”
e6“Corn crop was normal morphological characteristics in both experiments”
Claim · model-written summary
On Osijek soil, yield differences among fertilization treatments were non-significant.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- fertilization treatmentse1
- Outcome
- yield differencese1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
- Setting
- Osijek soile1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“by application of the highest B rate corn yield decreased on Bizovac soil to level of ordinary fertilization, while on Osijek soil non-significant yield differences among fertilization treatments were found”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil characteristics and genotype were more influencing factors of corn yield than fertilization.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse4
- Material
- genotypee4
- Outcome
- corn yieldse4
- Comparator
- fertilizatione4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“soil characteristics and genotype were more influencing factors of corn yields in comparison to fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination capacity, 3-day germination dynamics and weight of 100 grains of corn were considerably influenced by soil and genotype.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse6
- Material
- genotypee5
- Outcome
- germination capacity, 3-day dynamics of germination and weight of 100 grainse5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Also, germination capacity, 3-day dynamics of germination and weight of 100 grains, were under considerable influenced of soil and genotype, while differences of these properties among fertilization treatments were non- significant”
e6“Corn crop was normal morphological characteristics in both experiments”
Claim · model-written summary
Differences in germination capacity, 3-day germination dynamics and weight of 100 grains among fertilization treatments were non-significant.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse6
- Treatment
- fertilization treatmentse5
- Outcome
- differences of these propertiese5
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Also, germination capacity, 3-day dynamics of germination and weight of 100 grains, were under considerable influenced of soil and genotype, while differences of these properties among fertilization treatments were non- significant”
e6“Corn crop was normal morphological characteristics in both experiments”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn responded to boron fertilization both at the level of genotypes and at the level of soil types.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse7
- Material
- genotypese7
- Treatment
- B fertilizatione7
- Outcome
- response of corne7
- Setting
- soil typese7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“They were found considerable response of corn to B fertilization both on the level of genotypes and soil types”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn plants had normal morphological characteristics in both experiments.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse6
- Outcome
- morphological characteristicse6
- Qualifier
- normale6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Corn crop was normal morphological characteristics in both experiments”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron fertilization is recommended for seed-corn crop, especially under moderate boron supply and for more susceptible genotypes.
Verbatim
e7“We recommend B fertilization for seed-corn crop, especially under conditions of moderate B supplies and/or growing of more susceptible genotypes”
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