Abstract
Defense mechanisms against anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum orbiculare on the leaf surface of cucumber plants after pre-treatment with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), amino salicylic acid (ASA) or C. orbiculare were compared using a fluorescence microscope. Induced systemic resistance was mediated by the pre-inoculation in the root system with PGPR strain Bacillus amywlquefaciens EXTN-1 that showed direct antifungal activity to C. gweosporioides and C. orbiculare. Also, systemic acquired resistance was triggered by the pre-treatments on the bottom leaves with amino salicylic acid or conidial suspension of C. orbiculare. The protection values on the leaves expressing SAR were higher compared to those expressing ISR. After pre-inoculation with PGPR strains no change of the plants was found in phenotype, while necrosis or hypersensitive reaction (HR) was observed on the leaves of plants pre-treated with ASA or the pathogen. After challenge inoculation, inhibition of fungal growth was observed on the leaves expressing both ISR and SAR. HR was frequently observed at the penetration sites of both resistance-expressing leaves. Appressorium formation was dramatically reduced on the leaves of plants pre-treated with ASA, whereas EXTN-1 did not suppress the appressorium formation. ASA also more strongly inhibited the conidial germination than EXTN-1. Conversely, EXTN-1 significantly increased the frequency of callose formation at the penetration sites, but ASA did not. The defense mechanisms induced by C. orbiculare were similar to those by ASA. Based on these results it is suggested that resistance mechanisms on the leaf surface was different between on the cucumber leaves expressing ISR and SAR, resulting in the different protection values.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Root pre-inoculation with PGPR strain EXTN-1 mediated induced systemic resistance.
- Taxon
- Cucumber Plants
Cucumis sativust0 - Treatment
- pre-inoculation in the root system with PGPR strain Bacillus amywlquefaciens EXTN-1e0
- Interactor
- Bacillus amywlquefaciens EXTN-1e0symbiont
- Outcome
- Induced systemic resistancee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Induced systemic resistance was mediated by the pre-inoculation in the root system with PGPR strain Bacillus amywlquefaciens EXTN-1”
t0“Cucumber Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
EXTN-1 showed direct antifungal activity against C. gweosporioides.
- Taxon
- Cucumber PlantsCucumis sativust0
- Interactor
- C. gweosporioidese0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Bacillus amywlquefaciens EXTN-1e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- antifungal activity to C. gweosporioidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bacillus amywlquefaciens EXTN-1 that showed direct antifungal activity to C. gweosporioides and C. orbiculare”
t0“Cucumber Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
EXTN-1 showed direct antifungal activity against C. orbiculare.
- Taxon
- Cucumber PlantsCucumis sativust0
- Interactor
- C. orbiculare
Colletotrichum orbicularee0pathogen - Second interactor
- Bacillus amywlquefaciens EXTN-1e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- antifungal activity to C. gweosporioides and C. orbicularee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bacillus amywlquefaciens EXTN-1 that showed direct antifungal activity to C. gweosporioides and C. orbiculare”
t0“Cucumber Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
ASA pretreatment triggered systemic acquired resistance.
- Taxon
- Cucumber PlantsCucumis sativust0
- Organ / stage
- bottom leavese0
- Treatment
- amino salicylic acide0
- Outcome
- systemic acquired resistancee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“systemic acquired resistance was triggered by the pre-treatments on the bottom leaves with amino salicylic acid or conidial suspension of C. orbiculare”
t0“Cucumber Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
C. orbiculare conidial pretreatment triggered systemic acquired resistance.
- Taxon
- Cucumber PlantsCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- conidial suspension of C. orbicularee0
- Interactor
- C. orbiculareColletotrichum orbicularee0pathogen
- Outcome
- systemic acquired resistancee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“systemic acquired resistance was triggered by the pre-treatments on the bottom leaves with amino salicylic acid or conidial suspension of C. orbiculare”
t0“Cucumber Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Protection values were higher under SAR than ISR.
- Taxon
- Cucumber PlantsCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- protection valuese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- those expressing ISRe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The protection values on the leaves expressing SAR were higher compared to those expressing ISR”
t0“Cucumber Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR pre-inoculation produced no plant phenotype change.
- Taxon
- Cucumber PlantsCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- pre-inoculation with PGPR strainse0
- Interactor
- PGPR strainse0symbiont
- Outcome
- phenotypee0
- Direction
- no changee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After pre-inoculation with PGPR strains no change of the plants was found in phenotype”
t0“Cucumber Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
ASA pretreatment caused leaf necrosis or hypersensitive reaction.
- Taxon
- Cucumber PlantsCucumis sativust0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- ASAe0
- Outcome
- necrosis or hypersensitive reaction (HR)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“necrosis or hypersensitive reaction (HR) was observed on the leaves of plants pre-treated with ASA or the pathogen”
t0“Cucumber Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Pathogen pretreatment caused leaf necrosis or hypersensitive reaction.
- Taxon
- Cucumber PlantsCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- the pathogene0
- Interactor
- the pathogene0pathogen
- Outcome
- necrosis or hypersensitive reaction (HR)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“necrosis or hypersensitive reaction (HR) was observed on the leaves of plants pre-treated with ASA or the pathogen”
t0“Cucumber Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Challenge inoculation showed inhibited fungal growth on both ISR and SAR leaves.
- Taxon
- Cucumber PlantsCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- inhibition of fungal growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After challenge inoculation, inhibition of fungal growth was observed on the leaves expressing both ISR and SAR”
t0“Cucumber Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
HR frequently occurred at penetration sites of both resistance expressing leaves.
- Taxon
- Cucumber PlantsCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- HRe0
- Qualifier
- frequentlye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HR was frequently observed at the penetration sites of both resistance-expressing leaves”
t0“Cucumber Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
ASA pretreatment dramatically reduced appressorium formation.
- Taxon
- Cucumber PlantsCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- ASAe0
- Outcome
- Appressorium formatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Appressorium formation was dramatically reduced on the leaves of plants pre-treated with ASA”
t0“Cucumber Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
EXTN-1 did not suppress appressorium formation.
- Taxon
- Cucumber PlantsCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- EXTN-1e0
- Outcome
- appressorium formatione0
- Direction
- did not suppresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EXTN-1 did not suppress the appressorium formation”
t0“Cucumber Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
ASA inhibited conidial germination more strongly than EXTN-1.
- Taxon
- Cucumber PlantsCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- ASAe0
- Outcome
- conidial germinatione0
- Direction
- more strongly inhibitede0
- Comparator
- EXTN-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ASA also more strongly inhibited the conidial germination than EXTN-1”
t0“Cucumber Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
EXTN-1 significantly increased callose formation frequency at penetration sites.
- Taxon
- Cucumber PlantsCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- EXTN-1e0
- Outcome
- frequency of callose formatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EXTN-1 significantly increased the frequency of callose formation at the penetration sites”
t0“Cucumber Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
ASA did not increase callose formation.
- Taxon
- Cucumber PlantsCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- ASAe0
- Outcome
- frequency of callose formatione0
- Direction
- did note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EXTN-1 significantly increased the frequency of callose formation at the penetration sites, but ASA did not”
t0“Cucumber Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
C. orbiculare induced defense mechanisms similar to ASA.
- Taxon
- Cucumber PlantsCucumis sativust0
- Interactor
- C. orbiculareColletotrichum orbicularee0pathogen
- Outcome
- defense mechanismse0
- Comparator
- ASAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The defense mechanisms induced by C. orbiculare were similar to those by ASA”
t0“Cucumber Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors suggested that ISR and SAR resistance mechanisms differed on cucumber leaf surfaces.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Organ / stage
- leaf surfacee0
- Outcome
- different protection valuese0
- Qualifier
- resistance mechanismse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it is suggested that resistance mechanisms on the leaf surface was different between on the cucumber leaves expressing ISR and SAR, resulting in the different protection values”
The same questions in other papers
Colletotrichum orbiculare · disease · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
inoculation · disease · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results
49 papers in the same direction as this paper · 33 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
79 papers more in this group
See all 83 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.