Abstract
The effects of amending soil with gypsum and biochar on groundnut chlorophyll concentration, water use efficiency (WUE), biomass yield and selected soil properties were investigated under water stress. Gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O) was applied at 0 and 200 kg/ha, groundnut shell biochar at 1, 2 and 4% w/w of soil, and water at 100, 70 and 40% of daily plant water requirement (PWR) as main, sub and sub-sub plots, respectively, in a split-split-plot design. Biochar neutralized the acid soil, significantly raising soil pH from 5 to 7.15 and increasing cation exchange capacity by 75%. Biochar amended at 1 and 2%, increased groundnut dry matter yield by 28%. The optimum biochar application rate for dry matter yield was 1.4% w/w. Biochar application at 4% and irrigation at 40% of PWR reduced the WUE by 45 and 50%, respectively. Chlorophyll concentration index was highest at 40% of PWR. The results suggest that biochar has potential to raise soil pH, increase moisture retention and improve crop performance. Applying water at 100% PWR can increase groundnut dry matter yields, while higher gypsum application rates may be required to affect crop performance. Key words: Biochar, dry matter, crop evapotranspiration, groundnut gypsum, water use efficiency.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar raised soil pH from 5 to 7.15 in groundnut soil.
- Taxon
- groundnut
Arachis hypogaeae0 - Treatment
- Biochare1
- Outcome
- soil pHe1
- Direction
- raisinge1
- Value
- from 5 to 7.15e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of amending soil with gypsum and biochar on groundnut chlorophyll concentration, water use efficiency (WUE), biomass yield and selected soil properties were investigated under water stress”
e1“Biochar neutralized the acid soil, significantly raising soil pH from 5 to 7.15 and increasing cation exchange capacity by 75%”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar increased cation exchange capacity by 75%.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- Biochare1
- Outcome
- cation exchange capacitye1
- Direction
- increasinge1
- Value
- 75%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of amending soil with gypsum and biochar on groundnut chlorophyll concentration, water use efficiency (WUE), biomass yield and selected soil properties were investigated under water stress”
e1“Biochar neutralized the acid soil, significantly raising soil pH from 5 to 7.15 and increasing cation exchange capacity by 75%”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar at 1 and 2% increased groundnut dry matter yield by 28%.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- Biochar amended at 1 and 2%e1
- Outcome
- groundnut dry matter yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 28%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of amending soil with gypsum and biochar on groundnut chlorophyll concentration, water use efficiency (WUE), biomass yield and selected soil properties were investigated under water stress”
e1“Biochar amended at 1 and 2%, increased groundnut dry matter yield by 28%”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimum biochar application rate for groundnut dry matter yield is 1.4% w/w.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae0
- Outcome
- The optimum biochar application rate for dry matter yielde1
- Value
- 1.4% w/we1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of amending soil with gypsum and biochar on groundnut chlorophyll concentration, water use efficiency (WUE), biomass yield and selected soil properties were investigated under water stress”
e1“The optimum biochar application rate for dry matter yield was 1.4% w/w”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar at 4% reduced water use efficiency in groundnut.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- Biochar application at 4%e1
- Outcome
- WUEe1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 45e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of amending soil with gypsum and biochar on groundnut chlorophyll concentration, water use efficiency (WUE), biomass yield and selected soil properties were investigated under water stress”
e1“Biochar application at 4% and irrigation at 40% of PWR reduced the WUE by 45 and 50%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 40% of PWR reduced water use efficiency in groundnut by 50%.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- irrigation at 40% of PWRe1
- Outcome
- WUEe1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 50%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of amending soil with gypsum and biochar on groundnut chlorophyll concentration, water use efficiency (WUE), biomass yield and selected soil properties were investigated under water stress”
e1“Biochar application at 4% and irrigation at 40% of PWR reduced the WUE by 45 and 50%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll concentration index of groundnut was highest at 40% of PWR.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- 40% of PWRe1
- Outcome
- Chlorophyll concentration indexe1
- Direction
- higheste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of amending soil with gypsum and biochar on groundnut chlorophyll concentration, water use efficiency (WUE), biomass yield and selected soil properties were investigated under water stress”
e1“Chlorophyll concentration index was highest at 40% of PWR”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying water at 100% of PWR can increase groundnut dry matter yield.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- Applying water at 100% PWRe1
- Outcome
- groundnut dry matter yieldse1
- Direction
- increasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of amending soil with gypsum and biochar on groundnut chlorophyll concentration, water use efficiency (WUE), biomass yield and selected soil properties were investigated under water stress”
e1“Applying water at 100% PWR can increase groundnut dry matter yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher gypsum application rates may be required to affect groundnut crop performance.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae0
- Outcome
- crop performancee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of amending soil with gypsum and biochar on groundnut chlorophyll concentration, water use efficiency (WUE), biomass yield and selected soil properties were investigated under water stress”
e1“while higher gypsum application rates may be required to affect crop performance”
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