Abstract
Field experiments were conducted during two winter wheat - growing seasons to evaluate the efficacy of some new POST herbicides and herbicide combinations for those effective controls of weeds in winter wheat crops in the Republic of Macedonia. The weed population consisted mainly of annua l winter and spring and some perennial weeds. Weediness comprised 116 and 208 plants m - 2 in 2012 – 2013 and 2013 – 2014, respectively, in the Skopje region, and 93 and 114 plants m - 2 in 2012 – 2013 and 2013 – 2014, respectively, in the Probištip region. All POST h erbicides effectively reduced dominant weeds density ( > 93%) in the Skopje region in both years, as well as in the Probištip region in 2012 – 2013, but not in 2013 – 2014. In this year, lower temperature directly following application decreased efficacy of POS T applied herbicides, which provided control of Lolium perenne that was between 76 and 84%; control of A. ludoviciana was less than 85%; control of B. radians was no more than 83% and no one treatment controlled P. convolvulus more than 82%. Wheat yields i n the Skopje region were not significant among years for the different POST herbicide applications and ranged between 3,580 and 3,720 kg ha - 1 in 2012 – 2013, and between 3,760 and 3,910 kg ha - 1 in 2013 – 2014. A significant treatment by year interaction resulted in two distinct years for wheat yields in the Probištip region with POST herbicides. In 2012 – 2013, wheat yields were between 3,230 and 3,390 kg ha - 1 , but in 2013 – 2014, wheat yields ranged from 3,060 to 3,4 90 kg ha - 1 and weed - free control showed a significant higher wheat yield compared to all evaluated herbicides.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Weed density was 116 and 208 plants m - 2 in Skopje across the two seasons.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Interactor
- weedst1weed
- Outcome
- Weedinesse0
- Value
- 116 and 208 plants m - 2e0
- Setting
- Skopje regione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weediness comprised 116 and 208 plants m - 2 in 2012 – 2013 and 2013 – 2014, respectively, in the Skopje region”
t0“winter wheat”
t1“some perennial weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed density was 93 and 114 plants m - 2 in Probištip across the two seasons.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- weedst1weed
- Outcome
- Weedinesse1
- Value
- 93 and 114 plants m - 2e0
- Setting
- Probištip regione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“93 and 114 plants m - 2 in 2012 – 2013 and 2013 – 2014, respectively, in the Probištip region”
t0“winter wheat”
t1“some perennial weeds”
e1“Weediness comprised”
Claim · model-written summary
POST herbicides reduced dominant weed density by over 93% in Skopje in both years and Probištip in 2012–2013.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- POST h erbicidese0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- dominant weeds densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- > 93%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All POST h erbicides effectively reduced dominant weeds density ( > 93%) in the Skopje region in both years, as well as in the Probištip region in 2012 – 2013”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower temperature after application decreased POST herbicide efficacy in 2013–2014.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- lower temperature directly following applicatione0
- Outcome
- efficacy of POS T applied herbicidese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lower temperature directly following application decreased efficacy of POS T applied herbicides”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Lolium perenne control ranged from 76 to 84%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- POS T applied herbicidese1
- Interactor
- Lolium perenne
Lolium perennee0weed - Outcome
- control of Lolium perennee0
- Value
- 76 and 84%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“control of Lolium perenne that was between 76 and 84%”
t0“winter wheat”
e1“POS T applied herbicides”
Claim · model-written summary
A. ludoviciana control was below 85%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- POS T applied herbicidese1
- Interactor
- A. ludovicianae0weed
- Outcome
- control of A. ludovicianae0
- Direction
- less thane0
- Value
- 85%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“control of A. ludoviciana was less than 85%”
t0“winter wheat”
e1“POS T applied herbicides”
Claim · model-written summary
B. radians control was at most 83%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- POS T applied herbicidese1
- Interactor
- B. radianse0weed
- Outcome
- control of B. radianse0
- Direction
- no more thane0
- Value
- 83%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“control of B. radians was no more than 83%”
t0“winter wheat”
e1“POS T applied herbicides”
Claim · model-written summary
No treatment controlled P. convolvulus above 82%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- treatmente0
- Interactor
- P. convolvuluse0weed
- Outcome
- controlled P. convolvuluse0
- Direction
- no onee0
- Value
- 82%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no one treatment controlled P. convolvulus more than 82%”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Skopje wheat yields did not differ significantly among years under POST herbicides.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- POST herbicide applicationse0
- Outcome
- Wheat yieldse0
- Setting
- Skopje regione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat yields i n the Skopje region were not significant among years for the different POST herbicide applications”
Claim · model-written summary
Skopje wheat yields ranged from 3,580 to 3,720 kg ha - 1 in 2012–2013.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- Wheat yieldse1
- Value
- 3,580 and 3,720 kg ha - 1e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ranged between 3,580 and 3,720 kg ha - 1 in 2012 – 2013”
e1“Wheat yields i n the Skopje region”
Claim · model-written summary
Skopje wheat yields ranged from 3,760 to 3,910 kg ha - 1 in 2013–2014.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- Wheat yieldse1
- Value
- 3,760 and 3,910 kg ha - 1e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“between 3,760 and 3,910 kg ha - 1 in 2013 – 2014”
e1“Wheat yields i n the Skopje region”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment by year significantly interacted for Probištip wheat yields.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- POST herbicidese0
- Outcome
- wheat yieldse0
- Setting
- Probištip regione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant treatment by year interaction resulted in two distinct years for wheat yields in the Probištip region with POST herbicides”
Claim · model-written summary
Probištip wheat yields were 3,230 to 3,390 kg ha - 1 in 2012–2013.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- wheat yieldse0
- Value
- 3,230 and 3,390 kg ha - 1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2012 – 2013, wheat yields were between 3,230 and 3,390 kg ha - 1”
Claim · model-written summary
Probištip wheat yields were 3,060 to 3,4 90 kg ha - 1 in 2013–2014.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- wheat yieldse0
- Value
- 3,060 to 3,4 90 kg ha - 1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in 2013 – 2014, wheat yields ranged from 3,060 to 3,4 90 kg ha - 1”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed-free control yielded significantly more wheat than all evaluated herbicides in Probištip in 2013–2014.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- weed - free controle0
- Outcome
- wheat yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- all evaluated herbicidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weed - free control showed a significant higher wheat yield compared to all evaluated herbicides”
The same questions in other papers
herbicide · weed · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
herbicide · control · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
33 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
35 papers more in this group
See all 39 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.