Abstract
Abstract Bisphenol A (BPA), a widely distributed pollutant, suppresses photosynthesis in leaves. In previous studies on higher plants, the plants were treated by BPA through irrigation to root. This method cannot distinguish whether the BPA directly suppresses photosynthesis in leaves, or indirectly influences photosynthesis through affecting the function of root. Here, only the leaves but not the roots of cucumber were infiltrated with BPA solution. The photosystem II and I (PSII, PSI) were insensitive to BPA under darkness. BPA aggravated the PSII but not the PSI photoinhibition under light. BPA also inhibited CO 2 assimilation, and the effect of BPA on PSII photoinhibition disappeared when the CO 2 assimilation was blocked. The H 2 O 2 accumulated in BPA-treated leaves under light. And the BPA-caused PSII photoinhibition was prevented under low (2%) O 2 . We also proved that the BPA-caused PSII photoinhibition depend on the turnover of D1 protein. In conclusion, this study proved that BPA could directly suppress photosynthesis in leaves, however, BPA does not damage PSII directly, but inhibits CO 2 assimilation and over-reduces the electron transport chain under light, which increases the production of reactive oxygen species (H 2 O 2 ), the over-accumulated ROS inhibits the turnover of D1 protein and consequently aggravates PSII photoinhibition.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Dark-adapted cucumber photosystems II and I were insensitive to BPA.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativust0 - Treatment
- BPAe0
- Outcome
- photosystem II and I (PSII, PSI)e0
- Direction
- insensitivee0
- Qualifier
- under darknesse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) leaves”
e0“The photosystem II and I (PSII, PSI) were insensitive to BPA under darkness.”
Claim · model-written summary
BPA aggravated photosystem II photoinhibition under light in cucumber leaves.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- BPAe0
- Outcome
- PSII photoinhibitione1
- Direction
- aggravatede0
- Qualifier
- under lighte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) leaves”
e0“BPA aggravated the PSII but not the PSI photoinhibition under light.”
e1“the effect of BPA on PSII photoinhibition disappeared when the CO 2 assimilation was blocked”
Claim · model-written summary
BPA did not aggravate photosystem I photoinhibition under light.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- BPAe0
- Outcome
- PSI photoinhibitione0
- Direction
- note0
- Qualifier
- under lighte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) leaves”
e0“BPA aggravated the PSII but not the PSI photoinhibition under light.”
Claim · model-written summary
BPA inhibited carbon dioxide assimilation in cucumber leaves.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- BPAe0
- Outcome
- CO 2 assimilatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) leaves”
e0“BPA also inhibited CO 2 assimilation”
Claim · model-written summary
Blocking carbon dioxide assimilation eliminated BPA effects on PSII photoinhibition.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- CO 2 assimilation was blockede0
- Outcome
- effect of BPA on PSII photoinhibitione0
- Direction
- disappearede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) leaves”
e0“the effect of BPA on PSII photoinhibition disappeared when the CO 2 assimilation was blocked”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen peroxide accumulated in light-exposed BPA-treated cucumber leaves.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- BPA-treatede0
- Outcome
- H 2 O 2e0
- Direction
- accumulatede0
- Qualifier
- under lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) leaves”
e0“The H 2 O 2 accumulated in BPA-treated leaves under light.”
Claim · model-written summary
Low oxygen prevented BPA-caused PSII photoinhibition.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- low (2%) O 2e0
- Outcome
- BPA-caused PSII photoinhibitione0
- Direction
- preventede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) leaves”
e0“the BPA-caused PSII photoinhibition was prevented under low (2%) O 2”
Claim · model-written summary
BPA-caused PSII photoinhibition depended on D1 protein turnover.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Gene
- D1 proteine0
- Outcome
- BPA-caused PSII photoinhibitione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) leaves”
e0“the BPA-caused PSII photoinhibition depend on the turnover of D1 protein”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude BPA directly suppresses photosynthesis in cucumber leaves.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- BPAe0
- Outcome
- photosynthesis in leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) leaves”
e0“BPA could directly suppress photosynthesis in leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude BPA over-reduces the electron transport chain under light.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- BPAe1
- Outcome
- electron transport chaine0
- Qualifier
- under lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) leaves”
e0“inhibits CO 2 assimilation and over-reduces the electron transport chain under light”
e1“BPA also inhibited CO 2 assimilation”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that BPA-driven ROS accumulation inhibits D1 turnover and aggravates PSII photoinhibition.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Gene
- D1 proteine0
- Outcome
- PSII photoinhibitione0
- Qualifier
- over-accumulated ROSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) leaves”
e0“the over-accumulated ROS inhibits the turnover of D1 protein and consequently aggravates PSII photoinhibition”
The same questions in other papers
co2 · physiology: photosynthesis · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results
19 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
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See all 22 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.