Abstract
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and some oil crops have considerable economic value, making them important for commercial use. The fatty acid content of their seeds is crucial for proper nutrition. Additionally, the desaturation reaction via fatty acid desaturases (FADs) leads to formation of double bonds in fatty acids and is an essential step in fatty acid biosynthesis. This study aimed to identify and compare some fatty acid desaturase gene members in sunflower and other oil crops. Totally, 33 FAD genes from sunflower, 19 from sesame, 20 from canola, 25 from cacao and 46 from flax were analysed. The FAD members had roles in oxidation–reduction processes, fatty acid biosynthetic processes or lipid metabolic processes. Comparative phylogenetic and motif analysis revealed a conserved structure among FAD members belonging to various oil crops. The average Ka/Ks rates calculated on the basis of orthologous gene analysis were 0.04, 0.05 and 0.05 between sunflower and, respectively, canola, cacao and sesame. The most recent divergence time between sunflower and cacao was estimated at an average of 100 million years ago (MYA). This was followed by flax, sesame and canola with an average of 101 MYA, 114 MYA and 149 MYA, respectively. Alpha-helices were dominant in the predicted 3D structures of FAD proteins. The FAB2 expression levels from a drought tolerant sunflower variety were not affected by drought. The characterisation of desaturase family members in economically valuable oil crops could be useful for functional cloning studies to enhance the unsaturated fatty acid contents of the plants.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Thirty-three FAD genes were identified in sunflower.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse1 - Outcome
- FAD genese1
- Value
- 33e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Totally, 33 FAD genes from sunflower, 19 from sesame, 20 from canola, 25 from cacao and 46 from flax were analysed”
Claim · model-written summary
Nineteen FAD genes were identified in sesame.
- Taxon
- sesame
Sesamum indicume1 - Outcome
- FAD genese1
- Value
- 19e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Totally, 33 FAD genes from sunflower, 19 from sesame, 20 from canola, 25 from cacao and 46 from flax were analysed”
Claim · model-written summary
Twenty FAD genes were identified in canola.
- Taxon
- canola
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Brassica napus var. napuse1 - Outcome
- FAD genese1
- Value
- 20e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“Totally, 33 FAD genes from sunflower, 19 from sesame, 20 from canola, 25 from cacao and 46 from flax were analysed”
Claim · model-written summary
Twenty-five FAD genes were identified in cacao.
- Taxon
- cacao
Theobroma cacaoe1 - Outcome
- FAD genese1
- Value
- 25e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Totally, 33 FAD genes from sunflower, 19 from sesame, 20 from canola, 25 from cacao and 46 from flax were analysed”
Claim · model-written summary
Forty-six FAD genes were identified in flax.
- Taxon
- flax
Linum usitatissimume1 - Outcome
- FAD genese1
- Value
- 46e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Totally, 33 FAD genes from sunflower, 19 from sesame, 20 from canola, 25 from cacao and 46 from flax were analysed”
Claim · model-written summary
The average Ka/Ks rate between sunflower and canola orthologous genes was 0.04.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse2
- Outcome
- Ka/Ks ratese2
- Value
- 0.04e2
- Comparator
- canolae2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“The average Ka/Ks rates calculated on the basis of orthologous gene analysis were 0.04, 0.05 and 0.05 between sunflower and, respectively, canola, cacao and sesame”
Claim · model-written summary
The average Ka/Ks rate between sunflower and cacao orthologous genes was 0.05.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse2
- Outcome
- Ka/Ks ratese2
- Value
- 0.05e2
- Comparator
- cacaoe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“The average Ka/Ks rates calculated on the basis of orthologous gene analysis were 0.04, 0.05 and 0.05 between sunflower and, respectively, canola, cacao and sesame”
Claim · model-written summary
The average Ka/Ks rate between sunflower and sesame orthologous genes was 0.05.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse2
- Outcome
- Ka/Ks ratese2
- Value
- 0.05e2
- Comparator
- sesamee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“The average Ka/Ks rates calculated on the basis of orthologous gene analysis were 0.04, 0.05 and 0.05 between sunflower and, respectively, canola, cacao and sesame”
Claim · model-written summary
The most recent divergence between sunflower and cacao was estimated at 100 million years ago.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse3
- Outcome
- divergence timee3
- Value
- 100 million years ago (MYA)e3
- Comparator
- cacaoe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The most recent divergence time between sunflower and cacao was estimated at an average of 100 million years ago (MYA)”
Claim · model-written summary
Divergence between sunflower and flax was estimated at 101 million years ago.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse3
- Outcome
- divergence timee3
- Value
- 101 MYAe4
- Comparator
- flaxe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The most recent divergence time between sunflower and cacao was estimated at an average of 100 million years ago (MYA)”
e4“This was followed by flax, sesame and canola with an average of 101 MYA, 114 MYA and 149 MYA, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Divergence between sunflower and sesame was estimated at 114 million years ago.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse3
- Outcome
- divergence timee3
- Value
- 114 MYAe4
- Comparator
- sesamee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The most recent divergence time between sunflower and cacao was estimated at an average of 100 million years ago (MYA)”
e4“This was followed by flax, sesame and canola with an average of 101 MYA, 114 MYA and 149 MYA, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Divergence between sunflower and canola was estimated at 149 million years ago.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse3
- Outcome
- divergence timee3
- Value
- 149 MYAe4
- Comparator
- canolae4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The most recent divergence time between sunflower and cacao was estimated at an average of 100 million years ago (MYA)”
e4“This was followed by flax, sesame and canola with an average of 101 MYA, 114 MYA and 149 MYA, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Alpha-helices dominate the predicted 3D structures of FAD proteins in oil crops.
Verbatim
e0“Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and some oil crops have considerable economic value”
e5“Alpha-helices were dominant in the predicted 3D structures of FAD proteins”
Claim · model-written summary
Comparative phylogenetic and motif analysis revealed a conserved structure among FAD members of oil crops.
Verbatim
e6“Comparative phylogenetic and motif analysis revealed a conserved structure among FAD members belonging to various oil crops”
Claim · model-written summary
FAB2 expression in a drought-tolerant sunflower variety was not affected by drought.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse7
- Material
- drought tolerant sunflower varietye7
- Treatment
- droughte7
- Gene
- FAB2e7
- Outcome
- FAB2 expression levelse7
- Direction
- not affectede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“The FAB2 expression levels from a drought tolerant sunflower variety were not affected by drought”
Claim · model-written summary
FAD members had roles in oxidation-reduction, fatty acid biosynthetic and lipid metabolic processes in oil crops.
Verbatim
e0“Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and some oil crops have considerable economic value”
e7“The FAD members had roles in oxidation–reduction processes, fatty acid biosynthetic processes or lipid metabolic processes”
The same questions in other papers
drought · molecular: expression · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
6 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.