Abstract
In recent years, Slovenian olive growers and producers have faced problems in achieving constant yields and quality of olive oil due to extreme weather conditions, especially because of the more frequent occurrence of drought. A technically accomplished pilot automatic irrigation system for olive trees was established. In 2015, the impact of different irrigation treatments (0, 15, 33, 40 and 100% ETc (crop evapotranspiration)) on olive cultivar 'Istrska belica' were studied to determine the minimum amount of added water that has a positive effect on the yield and quality of the extra virgin olive oil produced. The study results showed that the quantity of applied water equal to 100% ETc had a significant effect on yield of olive fruits. The average fruit mass of the trees grown under full irrigation (100% ETc) was significantly higher than that of those given rain-fed and deficit irrigation treatments (15, 33 and 40% ETc), with no significant differences found between these treatments. The fatty acid contents showed the highest amount of oleic acid (75.61%) at 100% ETc and the lowest amount (74.69%) at 15% ETc, while the highest amount of linoleic acid (6.52%) was determined at 15% ETc and the lowest (5.98%) at 100% ETc. Total biophenol content and biophenol composition was determined. The 40% ETc irrigation system produced the highest amounts of total biophenols, total oleuropein and total ligstroside derivatives (1076, 562 and 388 mg kg-1, respectively), while the lowest results (883, 477 and 299 mg kg-1, respectively) were determined in the control system (0% ETc). The organoleptic assessment of the olive samples showed that the positive sensory attributes of fruity, bitter and pungent were more intensive at 33% ETc and were graded highest. Olive oil from non-irrigated trees (0% ETc) received the lowest sensory score.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 100% ETc significantly affected olive fruit yield.
- Taxon
- olive
Olea europaeat0 - Treatment
- 100% ETce0
- Outcome
- yield of olive fruitse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The study results showed that the quantity of applied water equal to 100% ETc had a significant effect on yield of olive fruits”
t0“olive oil”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit mass at full irrigation exceeded rain fed and deficit irrigation treatments significantly.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- full irrigation (100% ETc)e0
- Outcome
- average fruit masse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- rain-fed and deficit irrigation treatments (15, 33 and 40% ETc)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The average fruit mass of the trees grown under full irrigation (100% ETc) was significantly higher than that of those given rain-fed and deficit irrigation treatments (15, 33 and 40% ETc)”
t0“olive oil”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit mass did not differ significantly among rain fed and deficit irrigation treatments.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- deficit irrigation treatmentse1
- Outcome
- fruit masse1
- Direction
- no significant differencese0
- Comparator
- rain-fede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with no significant differences found between these treatments”
t0“olive oil”
e1“average fruit mass of the trees grown under full irrigation (100% ETc) was significantly higher than that of those given rain-fed and deficit irrigation treatments (15, 33 and 40% ETc)”
Claim · model-written summary
Oleic acid content was highest at 100% ETc, reaching 75.61%.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- 100% ETce0
- Outcome
- amount of oleic acide0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 75.61%e0
- Comparator
- 15% ETce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fatty acid contents showed the highest amount of oleic acid (75.61%) at 100% ETc and the lowest amount (74.69%) at 15% ETc”
t0“olive oil”
Claim · model-written summary
Oleic acid content was lowest at 15% ETc, at 74.69%.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- 15% ETce0
- Outcome
- amount of oleic acide0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 74.69%e0
- Comparator
- 100% ETce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fatty acid contents showed the highest amount of oleic acid (75.61%) at 100% ETc and the lowest amount (74.69%) at 15% ETc”
t0“olive oil”
Claim · model-written summary
Linoleic acid content peaked at 15% ETc, at 6.52%.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- 15% ETce0
- Outcome
- amount of linoleic acide0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 6.52%e0
- Comparator
- 100% ETce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest amount of linoleic acid (6.52%) was determined at 15% ETc and the lowest (5.98%) at 100% ETc”
t0“olive oil”
Claim · model-written summary
Linoleic acid content was lowest at 100% ETc, at 5.98%.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- 100% ETce0
- Outcome
- amount of linoleic acide0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 5.98%e0
- Comparator
- 15% ETce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest amount of linoleic acid (6.52%) was determined at 15% ETc and the lowest (5.98%) at 100% ETc”
t0“olive oil”
Claim · model-written summary
Total biophenols peaked under 40% ETc irrigation at 1076 mg kg-1.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- 40% ETc irrigation systeme0
- Outcome
- total biophenolse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1076e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 40% ETc irrigation system produced the highest amounts of total biophenols, total oleuropein and total ligstroside derivatives (1076, 562 and 388 mg kg-1, respectively)”
t0“olive oil”
Claim · model-written summary
Oleuropein derivatives peaked under 40% ETc irrigation at 562 mg kg-1.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- 40% ETc irrigation systeme0
- Outcome
- total oleuropeine0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 562 and 388 mg kg-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 40% ETc irrigation system produced the highest amounts of total biophenols, total oleuropein and total ligstroside derivatives (1076, 562 and 388 mg kg-1, respectively)”
t0“olive oil”
Claim · model-written summary
Ligstroside derivatives peaked under 40% ETc irrigation at 388 mg kg-1.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- 40% ETc irrigation systeme0
- Outcome
- total ligstroside derivativese0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 388 mg kg-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 40% ETc irrigation system produced the highest amounts of total biophenols, total oleuropein and total ligstroside derivatives (1076, 562 and 388 mg kg-1, respectively)”
t0“olive oil”
Claim · model-written summary
Total biophenols were lowest under 0% ETc at 883 mg kg-1.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- control system (0% ETc)e0
- Outcome
- total biophenolse1
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 883, 477 and 299 mg kg-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the lowest results (883, 477 and 299 mg kg-1, respectively) were determined in the control system (0% ETc)”
t0“olive oil”
e1“total biophenols, total oleuropein and total ligstroside derivatives”
Claim · model-written summary
Oleuropein derivatives were lowest under 0% ETc at 477 mg kg-1.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- control system (0% ETc)e0
- Outcome
- total oleuropeine1
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 883, 477 and 299 mg kg-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the lowest results (883, 477 and 299 mg kg-1, respectively) were determined in the control system (0% ETc)”
t0“olive oil”
e1“total biophenols, total oleuropein and total ligstroside derivatives”
Claim · model-written summary
Ligstroside derivatives were lowest under 0% ETc at 299 mg kg-1.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- control system (0% ETc)e0
- Outcome
- total ligstroside derivativese1
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 883, 477 and 299 mg kg-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the lowest results (883, 477 and 299 mg kg-1, respectively) were determined in the control system (0% ETc)”
t0“olive oil”
e1“total biophenols, total oleuropein and total ligstroside derivatives”
Claim · model-written summary
At 33% ETc, fruity, bitter and pungent sensory attributes were most intense and highest graded.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- 33% ETce0
- Outcome
- positive sensory attributes of fruity, bitter and pungente0
- Direction
- more intensivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The organoleptic assessment of the olive samples showed that the positive sensory attributes of fruity, bitter and pungent were more intensive at 33% ETc and were graded highest”
t0“olive oil”
Claim · model-written summary
Nonirrigated olive oil received the lowest sensory score.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- non-irrigated trees (0% ETc)e0
- Outcome
- sensory scoree0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Olive oil from non-irrigated trees (0% ETc) received the lowest sensory score”
t0“olive oil”
The same questions in other papers
irrigation · molecular: metabolites · Olea europaea (common olive)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.