Abstract
Abstract BACKGROUND: Olive trees are generally grown under rain‐fed conditions. Since yield response to application of water in the growing season may be considerable, irrigation is increasingly introduced to existing, mature orchards. An additional feature of modernization of olive cultivation is mechanical harvesting. To investigate the effect of irrigation level on the quality of virgin olive oil (VOO) produced from cv. Souri, six regimes, ranging from deficit to excess, were applied to trees in a mature, traditional orchard as it was converted to irrigation. Furthermore, in order to investigate the effect of damage incurred during harvest, oil quality of hand‐picked fruit was compared to that of mechanically harvested olives. RESULTS: Data were collected from two consecutive growing seasons. Increased irrigation quantity increased the free acidity level of the oil and decreased the total phenol content of VOO, while the peroxide level of the oil was not affected. Oil of hand‐picked fruits had lower free acidity, higher polyphenol content and slightly lower peroxide level compared to the oil of mechanically harvested olives. CONCLUSION: Fruits from irrigated trees demonstrated an apparent sensitivity to mechanical wounding that subsequently led to increased free acidity, increased peroxide level and decreased total phenol content in oil. Management of irrigated orchards including method and timing of harvest and oil extraction techniques should consider these results in order to optimize production of high‐quality oil. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
More irrigation increased oil free acidity.
- Taxon
- Olive trees
Olea europaeae1 - Material
- Sourie1
- Treatment
- Increased irrigation quantitye0
- Outcome
- free acidity level of the oile0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased irrigation quantity increased the free acidity level of the oil”
e1“Olive trees are generally grown under rain‐fed conditions. Since yield response to application of water in the growing season may be considerable, irrigation is increasingly introduced to existing, mature orchards. An additional feature of modernization of olive cultivation is mechanical harvesting. To investigate the effect of irrigation level on the quality of virgin olive oil (VOO) produced from cv. Souri”
Claim · model-written summary
More irrigation decreased VOO total phenol content.
- Taxon
- Olive treesOlea europaeae1
- Treatment
- Increased irrigation quantitye0
- Outcome
- total phenol content of VOOe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased irrigation quantity increased the free acidity level of the oil and decreased the total phenol content of VOO”
e1“Olive trees are generally grown”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation did not affect oil peroxide level.
- Taxon
- Olive treesOlea europaeae1
- Treatment
- irrigatione1
- Outcome
- peroxide level of the oile0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the peroxide level of the oil was not affected”
e1“Olive trees are generally grown under rain‐fed conditions. Since yield response to application of water in the growing season may be considerable, irrigation is increasingly introduced to existing, mature orchards. An additional feature of modernization of olive cultivation is mechanical harvesting. To investigate the effect of irrigation level on the quality of virgin olive oil (VOO) produced from cv. Souri”
Claim · model-written summary
Hand picked fruit oil had lower free acidity than mechanically harvested fruit oil.
- Treatment
- hand‐picked fruitse0
- Outcome
- free aciditye0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- mechanically harvested olivese0
OleaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oil of hand‐picked fruits had lower free acidity, higher polyphenol content and slightly lower peroxide level compared to the oil of mechanically harvested olives.”
Claim · model-written summary
Hand picked fruit oil had higher polyphenol content than mechanically harvested fruit oil.
- Treatment
- hand‐picked fruitse0
- Outcome
- polyphenol contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- mechanically harvested olivese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oil of hand‐picked fruits had lower free acidity, higher polyphenol content and slightly lower peroxide level compared to the oil of mechanically harvested olives.”
Claim · model-written summary
Hand picked fruit oil had slightly lower peroxide level than mechanically harvested fruit oil.
- Treatment
- hand‐picked fruitse0
- Outcome
- peroxide levele0
- Direction
- slightly lowere0
- Comparator
- mechanically harvested olivese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oil of hand‐picked fruits had lower free acidity, higher polyphenol content and slightly lower peroxide level compared to the oil of mechanically harvested olives.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mechanical wounding of irrigated fruit increased oil free acidity.
- Taxon
- Fruits from irrigated treese0
- Treatment
- mechanical woundinge0
- Outcome
- free aciditye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Fruits from irrigated trees demonstrated an apparent sensitivity to mechanical wounding that subsequently led to increased free acidity, increased peroxide level and decreased total phenol content in oil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mechanical wounding of irrigated fruit increased oil peroxide level.
- Taxon
- Fruits from irrigated treese0
- Treatment
- mechanical woundinge0
- Outcome
- peroxide levele0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Fruits from irrigated trees demonstrated an apparent sensitivity to mechanical wounding that subsequently led to increased free acidity, increased peroxide level and decreased total phenol content in oil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mechanical wounding of irrigated fruit decreased oil total phenol content.
- Taxon
- Fruits from irrigated treese0
- Treatment
- mechanical woundinge0
- Outcome
- total phenol content in oile0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Fruits from irrigated trees demonstrated an apparent sensitivity to mechanical wounding that subsequently led to increased free acidity, increased peroxide level and decreased total phenol content in oil.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend accounting for harvest method and timing and extraction techniques in irrigated orchards.
- Taxon
- Olive treesOlea europaeae1
- Outcome
- method and timing of harvest and oil extraction techniquese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Management of irrigated orchards including method and timing of harvest and oil extraction techniques should consider these results in order to optimize production of high‐quality oil.”
e1“Olive trees are generally grown”
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See all 18 papers →irrigation · quality: sugar starch · Olea europaea (common olive)Results agree
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- no effect
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.