Abstract
Red clover for seed production is generally sown under cover crops. The warming climate raises a hypothesis that six-row barley cultivars might be replaced by intermediate cultivars of two-row barley as cover crops for establishing red clover seed production stands. The cover crop spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar 'Maali' was sown with four different cover crop treatments: 1) seeding rate 333 viable seeds per m, fertilisation rate 60 kg ha -1 N; 2) seeding rate 500 viable seeds per m, fertilisation rate 60 kg ha -1 N; 3) seeding rate 500 viable seeds per m, fertilisation rate 90 kg ha -1 N; 4) seeding rate 333 viable seeds per m, fertilisation rate 90 kg ha -1 N. The tetraploid red clover cultivars 'Varte' (early) and 'Ilte' (late) were sown at the rates of 2, 4, 6 and 8 kg ha -1 in four replicates using a randomised complete plot design. The height and density of generative tillers of barley, the grain yield and quality, the number of red clover plants per m were measured in the sowing year. The seed yield and quality of red clover in the first harvest year were determined. Economic calculations were based on the prices valid in 2013-2014. The nitrogen rate and seeding rate had a significant effect on elongation of generative tillers, as well as increasing plant density, grain yield and protein content. Increased seed rate of the cover crop (500 viable seeds m) and higher fertilization rate (90 kg ha -1 N) decreased red clover seed yield to 10 %. Increasing of only the seed rate of a cover crop, resulted in up to 4 % reduction in the red clover yield. The higher nitrogen rate (90 kg ha -1 N), when barely was sown at a rate of 500 viable seeds m and at 300 viable seeds m, resulted in up to 5 % reduction in red clover seed yield. The study showed that it is practical to establish a seed production stand of red clover using a seeding rate of 4-6 kg ha -1 . It can be concluded that two-row barley cultivars are also recommendable cover crops besides the currently used six-row barley cultivars. Economic analysis indicated that it is practical to reduce both the seeding rate of the cover crop and nitrogen rate by one third.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen rate and seeding rate significantly affected elongation of barley generative tillers.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree1 - Treatment
- nitrogen rate and seeding ratee0
- Outcome
- elongation of generative tillerse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The nitrogen rate and seeding rate had a significant effect on elongation of generative tillers”
e1“cover crop spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen rate and seeding rate increased barley plant density, grain yield and protein content.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- nitrogen rate and seeding ratee0
- Outcome
- plant density, grain yield and protein contente0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The nitrogen rate and seeding rate had a significant effect on elongation of generative tillers, as well as increasing plant density, grain yield and protein content.”
e1“cover crop spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing the cover crop seed rate to 500 viable seeds m and fertilization to 90 kg ha -1 N decreased red clover seed yield by 10 %.
- Taxon
- red clover
Trifolium pratenset0 - Treatment
- Increased seed rate of the cover crop (500 viable seeds m) and higher fertilization rate (90 kg ha -1 N)e0
- Outcome
- red clover seed yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 10 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased seed rate of the cover crop (500 viable seeds m) and higher fertilization rate (90 kg ha -1 N) decreased red clover seed yield to 10 %.”
t0“red clover”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing only the cover crop seed rate reduced red clover yield by up to 4 %.
- Taxon
- red cloverTrifolium pratenset0
- Treatment
- Increasing of only the seed rate of a cover crope0
- Outcome
- red clover yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 4 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing of only the seed rate of a cover crop, resulted in up to 4 % reduction in the red clover yield.”
t0“red clover”
Claim · model-written summary
At a barley sowing rate of 500 viable seeds m, higher nitrogen reduced red clover seed yield by up to 5 %.
- Taxon
- red cloverTrifolium pratenset0
- Treatment
- higher nitrogen rate (90 kg ha -1 N)e0
- Outcome
- red clover seed yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 5 %e0
- Qualifier
- 500 viable seeds me0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The higher nitrogen rate (90 kg ha -1 N), when barely was sown at a rate of 500 viable seeds m and at 300 viable seeds m, resulted in up to 5 % reduction in red clover seed yield.”
t0“red clover”
Claim · model-written summary
At a barley sowing rate of 300 viable seeds m, higher nitrogen reduced red clover seed yield by up to 5 %.
- Taxon
- red cloverTrifolium pratenset0
- Treatment
- higher nitrogen rate (90 kg ha -1 N)e0
- Outcome
- red clover seed yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 5 %e0
- Qualifier
- 300 viable seeds me0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The higher nitrogen rate (90 kg ha -1 N), when barely was sown at a rate of 500 viable seeds m and at 300 viable seeds m, resulted in up to 5 % reduction in red clover seed yield.”
t0“red clover”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 4-6 kg ha -1 for establishing red clover seed production stands.
- Taxon
- red cloverTrifolium pratensee0
- Outcome
- establish a seed production stand of red clover using a seeding rate of 4-6 kg ha -1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The study showed that it is practical to establish a seed production stand of red clover using a seeding rate of 4-6 kg ha -1 .”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend two-row barley cultivars as cover crops for red clover alongside six-row cultivars.
- Taxon
- red cloverTrifolium pratenset0
- Outcome
- two-row barley cultivars are also recommendable cover cropse0
- Comparator
- six-row barley cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It can be concluded that two-row barley cultivars are also recommendable cover crops besides the currently used six-row barley cultivars.”
t0“red clover”
Claim · model-written summary
The economic analysis recommends reducing both cover crop seeding and nitrogen rates by one third.
- Taxon
- red cloverTrifolium pratenset0
- Outcome
- reduce both the seeding rate of the cover crop and nitrogen rate by one thirde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Economic analysis indicated that it is practical to reduce both the seeding rate of the cover crop and nitrogen rate by one third.”
t0“red clover”
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See all 72 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.