Abstract
1. The method of establishment markedly affected the yield of red clover in the first harvest year, the highest yield being obtained when a cover crop was used, in the absence of which red clover yield was reduced by frequent grazing during establishment. White clover made little growth in the first harvest year; the yield was best without a cover crop under frequent grazing during establishment. 2. Nitrogen applied in the seed bed did not affect the growth of red clover in the first harvest year, but depressed the white clover under infrequent defoliation without a cover crop. There was no significant effect under the other management. 3. The total yield of red and white clovers was lower, when sown with the rapidly establishing ryegrass or ryegrass-dominant general-purpose mixtures, than with cocksfoot or timothy mixtures. Weed growth, although not prominent, was far greater in the timothy and cocksfoot swards than in those based on ryegrass. 4. A close parallel existed between the growth of red clover and the dry matter and yield of crude protein. The highest figures were recorded when management during establishment had favoured the growth of the red clover. 5. Nitrogen applied in the seed bed reduced the percentage of crude protein in all mixtures in the spring and autumn grazings, and in the hay crop of the first harvest year. Management which encouraged the growth of red clover increased the crude protein percentage of herbage in the spring and autumn, but depressed it in the aftermath cut. 6. A number of interactions occurred when the relative yields of dry matter and crude protein of mixtures in the first harvest year were modified by treatments applied during establishment. There are significant indications that the method of establishment is a factor to be considered in evaluating various mixtures.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
A cover crop gives the highest red clover yield in the first harvest year
- Taxon
- red clover
Trifolium pratensee1 - Treatment
- a cover crope1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Comparator
- absencee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The method of establishment markedly affected the yield of red clover in the first harvest year, the highest yield being obtained when a cover crop was used, in the absence of which red clover yield was reduced by frequent grazing during establishment”
Claim · model-written summary
Frequent grazing during establishment reduces red clover yield relative to a cover crop
- Taxon
- red cloverTrifolium pratensee1
- Treatment
- frequent grazing during establishmente1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- cover crope1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The method of establishment markedly affected the yield of red clover in the first harvest year, the highest yield being obtained when a cover crop was used, in the absence of which red clover yield was reduced by frequent grazing during establishment”
Claim · model-written summary
White clover makes little growth in the first harvest year
- Taxon
- White clover
Trifolium repense2 - Outcome
- growthe2
- Direction
- littlee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“White clover made little growth in the first harvest year; the yield was best without a cover crop under frequent grazing during establishment”
Claim · model-written summary
White clover yield is best without a cover crop under frequent grazing during establishment
- Taxon
- White cloverTrifolium repense2
- Treatment
- frequent grazing during establishmente2
- Outcome
- yielde2
- Direction
- beste2
- Comparator
- without a cover crope2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“White clover made little growth in the first harvest year; the yield was best without a cover crop under frequent grazing during establishment”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed-bed nitrogen does not affect red clover growth in the first harvest year
- Taxon
- red cloverTrifolium pratensee3
- Treatment
- Nitrogen applied in the seed bede3
- Outcome
- growthe3
- Direction
- did not affecte3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Nitrogen applied in the seed bed did not affect the growth of red clover in the first harvest year, but depressed the white clover under infrequent defoliation without a cover crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed-bed nitrogen depresses white clover under infrequent defoliation without a cover crop
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense3
- Treatment
- Nitrogen applied in the seed bede3
- Outcome
- white clovere3
- Direction
- depressede3
- Comparator
- without a cover crope3
- Setting
- under infrequent defoliatione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Nitrogen applied in the seed bed did not affect the growth of red clover in the first harvest year, but depressed the white clover under infrequent defoliation without a cover crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen has no significant effect under the other management
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e3“Nitrogen applied in the seed bed did not affect the growth of red clover”
e4“There was no significant effect under the other management”
Claim · model-written summary
Sowing with rapidly establishing ryegrass or ryegrass-dominant mixtures lowers total clover yield compared with cocksfoot or timothy mixtures
Verbatim
e5“The total yield of red and white clovers was lower, when sown with the rapidly establishing ryegrass or ryegrass-dominant general-purpose mixtures, than with cocksfoot or timothy mixtures”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed growth is far greater in timothy and cocksfoot swards than in ryegrass-based swards
- Taxon
- timothy and cocksfoot
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Dactylis glomerata
Phleum pratensee6 - Outcome
- Weed growthe6
- Direction
- far greatere6
- Comparator
- those based on ryegrasse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e6“Weed growth, although not prominent, was far greater in the timothy and cocksfoot swards than in those based on ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth of red clover runs in close parallel with dry matter and crude protein yield
- Taxon
- red cloverTrifolium pratensee7
- Outcome
- dry matter and yield of crude proteine7
- Direction
- close parallele7
- Comparator
- growth of red clovere7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“A close parallel existed between the growth of red clover and the dry matter and yield of crude protein”
Claim · model-written summary
Management that favoured red clover growth gave the highest figures
- Taxon
- red cloverTrifolium pratensee1
- Treatment
- management during establishmente1
- Outcome
- figurese1
- Direction
- higheste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The highest figures were recorded when management during establishment had favoured the growth of the red clover”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed-bed nitrogen reduces crude protein percentage in all mixtures at spring and autumn grazings and in the hay crop
- Taxon
- all mixturese1
- Treatment
- Nitrogen applied in the seed bede1
- Outcome
- percentage of crude proteine1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Setting
- spring and autumn grazingse1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“Nitrogen applied in the seed bed reduced the percentage of crude protein in all mixtures in the spring and autumn grazings, and in the hay crop of the first harvest year”
Claim · model-written summary
Management favouring red clover growth increases herbage crude protein percentage in spring and autumn
- Taxon
- red cloverTrifolium pratensee1
- Treatment
- Management which encouraged the growth of red clovere1
- Outcome
- crude protein percentage of herbagee1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Setting
- in the spring and autumne1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Management which encouraged the growth of red clover increased the crude protein percentage of herbage in the spring and autumn, but depressed it in the aftermath cut”
Claim · model-written summary
Management favouring red clover growth depresses herbage crude protein percentage in the aftermath cut
- Taxon
- red cloverTrifolium pratensee1
- Treatment
- Management which encouraged the growth of red clovere1
- Outcome
- crude protein percentage of herbagee1
- Direction
- depressede1
- Setting
- the aftermath cute1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Management which encouraged the growth of red clover increased the crude protein percentage of herbage in the spring and autumn, but depressed it in the aftermath cut”
Claim · model-written summary
Establishment treatments modify relative yields of dry matter and crude protein of mixtures, with several interactions
- Taxon
- mixturese1
- Treatment
- treatments applied during establishmente1
- Outcome
- relative yields of dry matter and crude proteine1
- Direction
- modifiede1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“A number of interactions occurred when the relative yields of dry matter and crude protein of mixtures in the first harvest year were modified by treatments applied during establishment”
Claim · model-written summary
Method of establishment should be considered when evaluating mixtures
Verbatim
e1“There are significant indications that the method of establishment is a factor to be considered in evaluating various mixtures”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · growth · Trifolium pratense (red clover)Positive and negative results
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cover crop · yield · Trifolium pratense (red clover)Positive and negative results
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grazing · yield · Trifolium pratense (red clover)Positive and negative results
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See all 6 papers →grazing · yield · Trifolium repens (white clover)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
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See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.