Abstract
A field experiment was conducted in a free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) facility to investigate the effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 on growth and physiology of green gram (Vigna radiata (L.) R.Wilczek) and associated weed species (Euphorbia geniculata Ortega and Commelina diffusa Burm.f.). Physiological and reproductive behaviour and interaction of the crop and two weed species under elevated CO2 was also studied. Plants were grown under ambient (390 ± 5 ppmv) and elevated (550 ± 50 ppmv) CO2. The results showed that growth, photosynthesis and carbonic anhydrase activity increased in all the test species. Stomatal conductance and transpiration decreased in V. radiata (5.1% and 30.5%, respectively) and C. diffusa (19% and 13.7%) but increased in E. geniculata (6.5% and 27.6%), suggesting a unique adaptive potential of E. geniculata at elevated CO2. Higher accumulation of reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide and superoxide) was noticed at elevated CO2 in V. radiata than in E. geniculata and C. diffusa. Potential of E. geniculata to maintain redox homeostasis in its original state may provide an advantage over two other species in adaptation to climate change. Isoenzyme patterns of superoxide dismutase and stronger activity of antioxidant enzymes suggest species-specific differential regulation and induction of new isoforms under elevated CO2. Enrichment of atmospheric CO2 at a competitive density of weeds lowered the yield (12.12%) and quality of green gram seed, with diminished protein content (16.14% at ambient CO2 to 15.42% at elevated CO2) and enhanced carbohydrate content (3.11%). From the study, it may be concluded that a rise in atmospheric CO2 concentration affects plant performance in a species-specific manner. Among the three species, E. geniculata emerged as most responsive to elevated CO2, showing higher transpiration and stomatal conductance and a stronger antioxidant defence system in a higher CO2 atmosphere. At elevated CO2, weed–crop interaction altered in favour of weeds leading to considerable yield loss of green gram seed.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased growth, photosynthesis and carbonic anhydrase activity in all test species.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata
.jpg?width=60)
Vigna radiatat0 - Treatment
- elevated CO2t0
- Outcome
- growth, photosynthesis and carbonic anhydrase activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“growth, photosynthesis and carbonic anhydrase activity increased in all the test species”
t0“elevated CO2 on Vigna radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 reduced V. radiata stomatal conductance by 5.1%.
- Taxon
- V. radiataVigna radiatae0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2t0
- Outcome
- Stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 5.1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stomatal conductance and transpiration decreased in V. radiata (5.1% and 30.5%, respectively)”
t0“elevated CO2 on Vigna radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 reduced V. radiata transpiration by 30.5%.
- Taxon
- V. radiataVigna radiatae0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2t0
- Outcome
- transpiratione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 30.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stomatal conductance and transpiration decreased in V. radiata (5.1% and 30.5%, respectively)”
t0“elevated CO2 on Vigna radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 reduced C. diffusa stomatal conductance by 19%.
- Taxon
- C. diffusa
Commelina diffusae0 - Treatment
- elevated CO2t0
- Outcome
- Stomatal conductancee1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 19%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“C. diffusa (19% and 13.7%)”
t0“elevated CO2 on Vigna radiata”
e1“Stomatal conductance and transpiration decreased in V. radiata (5.1% and 30.5%, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 reduced C. diffusa transpiration by 13.7%.
- Taxon
- C. diffusaCommelina diffusae0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2t0
- Outcome
- transpiratione1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 13.7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“C. diffusa (19% and 13.7%)”
t0“elevated CO2 on Vigna radiata”
e1“Stomatal conductance and transpiration decreased in V. radiata (5.1% and 30.5%, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased E. geniculata stomatal conductance by 6.5%.
- Taxon
- E. geniculata
Euphorbia heterophyllae0 - Treatment
- elevated CO2t0
- Outcome
- Stomatal conductancee1
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 6.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased in E. geniculata (6.5% and 27.6%)”
t0“elevated CO2 on Vigna radiata”
e1“Stomatal conductance and transpiration decreased in V. radiata (5.1% and 30.5%, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased E. geniculata transpiration by 27.6%.
- Taxon
- E. geniculataEuphorbia heterophyllae0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2t0
- Outcome
- transpiratione1
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 27.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased in E. geniculata (6.5% and 27.6%)”
t0“elevated CO2 on Vigna radiata”
e1“Stomatal conductance and transpiration decreased in V. radiata (5.1% and 30.5%, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
V. radiata accumulated more reactive oxygen species at elevated CO2 than the two weeds.
- Taxon
- V. radiataVigna radiatae0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2e0
- Outcome
- accumulation of reactive oxygen speciese0
- Direction
- Highere0
- Comparator
- E. geniculata and C. diffusae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher accumulation of reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide and superoxide) was noticed at elevated CO2 in V. radiata than in E. geniculata and C. diffusa”
t0“elevated CO2 on Vigna radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
Isoenzyme patterns and antioxidant enzyme activity suggested differential regulation and new isoforms under elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2e0
- Gene
- superoxide dismutasee0
- Outcome
- species-specific differential regulation and induction of new isoformse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isoenzyme patterns of superoxide dismutase and stronger activity of antioxidant enzymes suggest species-specific differential regulation and induction of new isoforms under elevated CO2”
t0“elevated CO2 on Vigna radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 with competitive weeds lowered green gram seed yield by 12.12%.
- Taxon
- green gramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
- Treatment
- Enrichment of atmospheric CO2e0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- lowerede0
- Value
- 12.12%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Enrichment of atmospheric CO2 at a competitive density of weeds lowered the yield (12.12%) and quality of green gram seed”
t0“elevated CO2 on Vigna radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 with competitive weeds lowered green gram seed quality.
- Taxon
- green gramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
- Treatment
- Enrichment of atmospheric CO2e0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- quality of green gram seede0
- Direction
- lowerede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Enrichment of atmospheric CO2 at a competitive density of weeds lowered the yield (12.12%) and quality of green gram seed”
t0“elevated CO2 on Vigna radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
Green gram seed protein content declined from 16.14% to 15.42% under elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- green gramVigna radiata var. radiatae1
- Treatment
- elevated CO2e0
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Direction
- diminishede0
- Value
- 15.42%e0
- Qualifier
- 16.14%e0
- Comparator
- ambient CO2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“diminished protein content (16.14% at ambient CO2 to 15.42% at elevated CO2)”
t0“elevated CO2 on Vigna radiata”
e1“Enrichment of atmospheric CO2 at a competitive density of weeds lowered the yield (12.12%) and quality of green gram seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Green gram seed carbohydrate content rose by 3.11%.
- Taxon
- green gramVigna radiata var. radiatae1
- Treatment
- elevated CO2t0
- Outcome
- carbohydrate contente0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 3.11%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced carbohydrate content (3.11%)”
t0“elevated CO2 on Vigna radiata”
e1“Enrichment of atmospheric CO2 at a competitive density of weeds lowered the yield (12.12%) and quality of green gram seed”
Claim · model-written summary
At elevated CO2, crop–weed interaction favored weeds and produced green gram yield loss.
- Taxon
- green gramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2e0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- yield loss of green gram seede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At elevated CO2, weed–crop interaction altered in favour of weeds leading to considerable yield loss of green gram seed”
t0“elevated CO2 on Vigna radiata”
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See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.