Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L) residue removed, burnt, or incorporated with or without 0, 60, and 120 kg nitrogen (N) ha−1 effects on maize (Zea mays L) hybrids (Pioneer-3025, Pioneer-30P45, and Kiramat) were assessed at University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan during 2010 and 2011 for maize production and soil carbon (C) storage. Pioneer-30P45 had higher grain yield, leaf area, and delayed maturity. Residue burning combined with 120 kg N ha−1 produced higher grain yield. The leaf area, leaf area ratio, grain N content, and solar radiation interception were improved with N + residue burnt/incorporated over control. The grain yield was positively correlated with yield parameters. Soil organic carbon (SOC) content were in order of incorporated > burnt > removed at all growth stages (i.e., sowing, tasseling, maturity, and harvesting). Conclusively, wheat residue burnt/incorporated into the soil with 120 kg N ha−1 was best for maize production of Pioneer-30P45; however residue incorporation into the soil improved SOC.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Pioneer-30P45 had higher grain yield and leaf area than other hybrids.
- Material
- Pioneer-30P45e0
- Outcome
- grain yield, leaf areae0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Pioneer-3025, Pioneer-30P45, and Kiramate1
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pioneer-30P45 had higher grain yield, leaf area, and delayed maturity.”
e1“maize (Zea mays L) hybrids (Pioneer-3025, Pioneer-30P45, and Kiramat)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pioneer-30P45 matured later.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pioneer-30P45 had higher grain yield, leaf area, and delayed maturity.”
e1“maize (Zea mays L) hybrids”
Claim · model-written summary
Burning residue with 120 kg N ha−1 produced higher maize grain yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Residue burning combined with 120 kg N ha−1 produced higher grain yield.”
e1“maize (Zea mays L) hybrids”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen plus burned or incorporated residue improved leaf area and leaf area ratio over control.
- Treatment
- N + residue burnt/incorporatede0
- Outcome
- leaf area, leaf area ratioe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The leaf area, leaf area ratio, grain N content, and solar radiation interception were improved with N + residue burnt/incorporated over control.”
e1“maize (Zea mays L) hybrids”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen plus burned or incorporated residue improved grain N content and solar radiation interception over control.
- Treatment
- N + residue burnt/incorporatede0
- Outcome
- grain N content, and solar radiation interceptione0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The leaf area, leaf area ratio, grain N content, and solar radiation interception were improved with N + residue burnt/incorporated over control.”
e1“maize (Zea mays L) hybrids”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize grain yield was positively correlated with yield parameters.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The grain yield was positively correlated with yield parameters.”
e1“maize (Zea mays L) hybrids”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil organic carbon followed incorporated greater than burnt greater than removed residue at all stages.
- Treatment
- incorporatede0
- Outcome
- Soil organic carbon (SOC) contente0
- Direction
- incorporated > burnt > removede0
- Qualifier
- all growth stagese0
- Comparator
- burnt > removede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil organic carbon (SOC) content were in order of incorporated > burnt > removed at all growth stages (i.e., sowing, tasseling, maturity, and harvesting).”
e1“maize (Zea mays L) hybrids”
Claim · model-written summary
Burning or incorporating residue with 120 kg N ha−1 was judged best for Pioneer-30P45 maize production.
- Treatment
- wheat residue burnt/incorporated into the soil with 120 kg N ha−1e0
- Outcome
- best for maize production of Pioneer-30P45e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat residue burnt/incorporated into the soil with 120 kg N ha−1 was best for maize production of Pioneer-30P45”
e1“maize (Zea mays L) hybrids”
Claim · model-written summary
Residue incorporation was judged to improve soil organic carbon.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“residue incorporation into the soil improved SOC”
e1“maize (Zea mays L) hybrids”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.