Abstract
Germination of common mullein (Verbascum thapsus L.) in relation to constant and alternating temperatures, and light quality and duration was studied. In the dark, optimum germination occurred with 8-h warm periods of 30 to 40 C alternating with 16-h cold periods of 15 to 35 C. In the dark, no germination occurred below 10 C. With light during the 8-h warm periods, germination occurred at temperatures from 2 to 40 C, alternating with 0 C cold periods. The range of optimum temperatures for germination was also greatly expanded with light. Exposures to 24-h periods of red light, followed by incubation in the dark, produced the same germination response as 8 h of white light daily. Common mullein seeds germinated on the surface of the soil even though the seeds did not have mucilage.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Dark germination was optimal with 8-hour warm and 16-hour cold periods at the stated temperatures.
- Taxon
- common mullein
.jpg?width=60)
Verbascum thapsuse1 - Treatment
- 8-h warm periods of 30 to 40 C alternating with 16-h cold periods of 15 to 35 Ce0
- Outcome
- optimum germinatione0
- Direction
- optimume0
- Setting
- In the darke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“In the dark, optimum germination occurred with 8-h warm periods of 30 to 40 C alternating with 16-h cold periods of 15 to 35 C.”
e1“Germination of common mullein (Verbascum thapsus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
No common mullein germination occurred below 10 C in darkness.
- Taxon
- common mulleinVerbascum thapsuse1
- Treatment
- below 10 Ce0
- Outcome
- no germinatione0
- Setting
- In the darke0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the dark, no germination occurred below 10 C.”
e1“Germination of common mullein (Verbascum thapsus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Light during warm periods allowed germination over 2 to 40 C with 0 C cold periods.
- Taxon
- common mulleinVerbascum thapsuse1
- Treatment
- light during the 8-h warm periodse0
- Outcome
- germination occurrede0
- Qualifier
- temperatures from 2 to 40 C, alternating with 0 C cold periodse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With light during the 8-h warm periods, germination occurred at temperatures from 2 to 40 C, alternating with 0 C cold periods.”
e1“Germination of common mullein (Verbascum thapsus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Light greatly expanded the optimum temperature range for germination.
- Taxon
- common mulleinVerbascum thapsuse1
- Treatment
- lighte0
- Outcome
- range of optimum temperatures for germinatione0
- Direction
- expandede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The range of optimum temperatures for germination was also greatly expanded with light.”
e1“Germination of common mullein (Verbascum thapsus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
A 24-hour red-light exposure followed by darkness yielded the same germination response as daily 8-hour white light.
- Taxon
- common mulleinVerbascum thapsuse1
- Treatment
- 24-h periods of red light, followed by incubation in the darke0
- Outcome
- germination responsee0
- Direction
- samee0
- Comparator
- 8 h of white light dailye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposures to 24-h periods of red light, followed by incubation in the dark, produced the same germination response as 8 h of white light daily.”
e1“Germination of common mullein (Verbascum thapsus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seeds germinated on the soil surface despite lacking mucilage.
- Taxon
- Common mulleinVerbascum thapsuse0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Outcome
- germinated on the surface of the soile0
- Qualifier
- seeds did not have mucilagee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Common mullein seeds germinated on the surface of the soil even though the seeds did not have mucilage.”
The same questions in other papers
light · growth · Verbascum thapsus (common mullein)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.