Abstract
The effects of Pennsylvania smartweed (Polygonum pensylvanicum L.) interference in soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Pickett 71’] were studied in the field under a naturally occurring weed population. Soybean seed yield was reduced an average of 13% by a density of eight Pennsylvania smartweed plants per 10 m of row. Greater yield reductions of 21, 37, and 62% resulted from full-season interference by densities of 16, 32, and 240 weeds per 10 m of row, respectively. Fewer than five weeds per 10 m of row did not significantly reduce crop yield. A natural population of 240 weeds per 10 m of row did not reduce soybean yield if the period of interference was limited to 6 weeks or less after crop emergence. However, more than 6 weeks of weed interference resulted in significant yield reduction. Conversely, if the crop was kept weed-free for a period of 4 weeks or more after emergence, seed yield was not reduced. No allelopathic interaction between the two species was observed in greenhouse studies using a recirculating nutrient solution and alternate pots of soybeans and Pennsylvania smartweed.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Eight smartweed plants per 10 m of row reduced soybean seed yield by 13%.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- eight Pennsylvania smartweed plants per 10 m of rowe0
- Interactor
- Pennsylvania smartweede0weed
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 13%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean seed yield was reduced an average of 13% by a density of eight Pennsylvania smartweed plants per 10 m of row.”
Claim · model-written summary
Full-season smartweed interference at 16 weeds per 10 m of row reduced soybean yield by 21%.
- Taxon
- SoybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 16e0
- Interactor
- Pennsylvania Smartweedt0weed
- Outcome
- yield reductionse0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 21e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Greater yield reductions of 21, 37, and 62% resulted from full-season interference by densities of 16, 32, and 240 weeds per 10 m of row, respectively.”
t0“Pennsylvania Smartweed (Polygonum pensylvanicum) Interference in Soybeans (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Full-season smartweed interference at 32 weeds per 10 m of row reduced soybean yield by 37%.
- Taxon
- SoybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 32e0
- Interactor
- Pennsylvania Smartweedt0weed
- Outcome
- yield reductionse0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 37e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Greater yield reductions of 21, 37, and 62% resulted from full-season interference by densities of 16, 32, and 240 weeds per 10 m of row, respectively.”
t0“Pennsylvania Smartweed (Polygonum pensylvanicum) Interference in Soybeans (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Full-season smartweed interference at 240 weeds per 10 m of row reduced soybean yield by 62%.
- Taxon
- SoybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 240 weeds per 10 m of rowe0
- Interactor
- Pennsylvania Smartweedt0weed
- Outcome
- yield reductionse0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 62%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Greater yield reductions of 21, 37, and 62% resulted from full-season interference by densities of 16, 32, and 240 weeds per 10 m of row, respectively.”
t0“Pennsylvania Smartweed (Polygonum pensylvanicum) Interference in Soybeans (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fewer than five weeds per 10 m of row did not significantly reduce soybean yield.
- Taxon
- SoybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Fewer than five weeds per 10 m of rowe0
- Outcome
- crop yielde0
- Direction
- did not significantly reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fewer than five weeds per 10 m of row did not significantly reduce crop yield.”
t0“Interference in Soybeans (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 240 weeds per 10 m of row, interference lasting at most six weeks after emergence did not reduce soybean yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- 240 weeds per 10 m of rowe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- did not reducee0
- Qualifier
- 6 weeks or less after crop emergencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A natural population of 240 weeds per 10 m of row did not reduce soybean yield if the period of interference was limited to 6 weeks or less after crop emergence.”
Claim · model-written summary
More than six weeks of weed interference significantly reduced soybean yield.
- Taxon
- SoybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- more than 6 weeks of weed interferencee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, more than 6 weeks of weed interference resulted in significant yield reduction.”
t0“Interference in Soybeans (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Keeping soybeans weed-free for at least four weeks after emergence prevented a reduction in seed yield.
- Taxon
- SoybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- weed-free for a period of 4 weeks or more after emergencee0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- not reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“if the crop was kept weed-free for a period of 4 weeks or more after emergence, seed yield was not reduced.”
t0“Interference in Soybeans (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Greenhouse studies found no allelopathic interaction between soybean and Pennsylvania smartweed.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Interactor
- Pennsylvania smartweede0weed
- Outcome
- allelopathic interactione0
- Direction
- Noe0
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No allelopathic interaction between the two species was observed in greenhouse studies using a recirculating nutrient solution and alternate pots of soybeans and Pennsylvania smartweed.”
The same questions in other papers
competition · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
42 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
43 papers more in this group
See all 47 papers →herbicide · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
137 papers in the same direction as this paper · 322 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
456 papers more in this group
See all 460 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.