Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of surfactant on herbicide efficiency in Medicago sativa L. fields. To this end, a randomized complete block design with 10 treatments and 4 replications was used in three and four-year alfalfa fields, infested with different weeds. The treatments included the standard dose and a 20% reduced dose, a combined treatment and a control sample (weeding and no weed control). Combination of the treatments was applied along with cytogate, and included mixtures of imazethapyr and bentazon, bentazon and pyridate, and imazethapyr and pyridate, with 50% reduced dose of each herbicide. Generally, herbicides applied along with the cytogate surfactant were more efficient for weed control, as well as for an increase of the product yields, as imazethapyr herbicide along with cytogate surfactant managed to control weeds for a rate of 87.43% and increase the product yields to 93.54%. Results showed that combination of herbicides can also be useful in controlling weeds in alfalfa fields and increasing product yields. Results also revealed that combination of bentazon and imazethapyr increased product yields to 94.47% and controlled weeds for a rate of 90.19%. In addition, this method can be proposed as a means to prevent or delay probable resistance to herbicides.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides applied with cytogate were generally more efficient for weed control.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativa L.
Medicago sativae1 - Treatment
- herbicides applied along with the cytogate surfactante0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- more efficiente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“herbicides applied along with the cytogate surfactant were more efficient for weed control”
e1“Medicago sativa L. fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides applied with cytogate generally increased product yields.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativa L.Medicago sativae1
- Treatment
- herbicides applied along with the cytogate surfactante0
- Outcome
- product yieldse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“herbicides applied along with the cytogate surfactant were more efficient for weed control, as well as for an increase of the product yields”
e1“Medicago sativa L. fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazethapyr with cytogate controlled weeds at a rate of 87.43%.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativa L.Medicago sativae1
- Treatment
- imazethapyr herbicide along with cytogate surfactante0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- control weedse0
- Value
- 87.43%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“imazethapyr herbicide along with cytogate surfactant managed to control weeds for a rate of 87.43%”
e1“Medicago sativa L. fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazethapyr with cytogate increased product yields to 93.54%.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativa L.Medicago sativae1
- Treatment
- imazethapyr herbicide along with cytogate surfactante0
- Outcome
- product yieldse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 93.54%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“imazethapyr herbicide along with cytogate surfactant managed to control weeds for a rate of 87.43% and increase the product yields to 93.54%”
e1“Medicago sativa L. fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide combinations were useful for controlling weeds in alfalfa fields.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- combination of herbicidese0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- controlling weedse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combination of herbicides can also be useful in controlling weeds in alfalfa fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide combinations were useful for increasing product yields in alfalfa fields.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- combination of herbicidese0
- Outcome
- product yieldse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combination of herbicides can also be useful in controlling weeds in alfalfa fields and increasing product yields”
Claim · model-written summary
The bentazon and imazethapyr combination increased product yields to 94.47%.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativa L.Medicago sativae1
- Treatment
- combination of bentazon and imazethapyre0
- Outcome
- product yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 94.47%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combination of bentazon and imazethapyr increased product yields to 94.47%”
e1“Medicago sativa L. fields”
Claim · model-written summary
The bentazon and imazethapyr combination controlled weeds at a rate of 90.19%.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativa L.Medicago sativae1
- Treatment
- combination of bentazon and imazethapyre0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- controlled weedse0
- Value
- 90.19%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combination of bentazon and imazethapyr increased product yields to 94.47% and controlled weeds for a rate of 90.19%”
e1“Medicago sativa L. fields”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose the herbicide combination method to prevent or delay probable herbicide resistance.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativa L.Medicago sativae1
- Outcome
- prevent or delay probable resistance to herbicidese0
Not reportedInteractor
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this method can be proposed as a means to prevent or delay probable resistance to herbicides”
e1“Medicago sativa L. fields”
The same questions in other papers
bentazone · yield · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results differ
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- no effect
- negative
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See all 8 papers →Imazethapyr · yield · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results differ
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- no effect
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See all 9 papers →Imazethapyr · weed · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
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See all 10 papers →surfactant · weed · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
surfactant · yield · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
bentazone · weed · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 6 papers →herbicide · yield · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results differ
25 papers in the same direction as this paper · 25 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
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- positive
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See all 52 papers →herbicide · weed · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
20 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- positive
19 papers more in this group
See all 23 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.