Abstract
Ground covers have the potential to impact the crop rhizosphere biology, which includes organisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which in turn affect the crop host plant through symbiosis. There has been evidence that a ground cover that provides a suitable environment for colonization of AMF and subsequent symbiosis could be a tool in organic fruit production. The objective of this research was to compare colonization of AMF in strawberry plant (Frageria x ananassa cv. Radiance) and apple rootstocks (Malus x domestica, cv. M. 26) grown in a greenhouse affected by various ground cover treatments. Inoculation was achieved by mixing BioOrganics™ Endomycorrhizal Inoculant directly into soilless media according to label rates. Following a dormancy period, plants were treated with one of the following ground cover treatments: 1) city-generated urban green-compost (GC), 2) shredded white paper, 3) urban refuse wood chips or 4) an untreated control. The GC ground cover significantly increased percent colonization of AMF compared to other ground covers; however, AMF infection did not affect plant biomass, root volume, root surface area, root diameter, or leaf area. The AMF suppressed root length; plants inoculated with AMF had shorter roots but similar root volume to compared to non-inoculated plants. The GC treatment may have disproportionately contributed more nutrition by media composition of a smaller particle size and a decreased lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose content compared to other ground cover treatments. Though the ground covers in this study had no effect on symbiotic AMF benefits, long-term studies with mature host plants could reveal a correlation between ground cover media and symbiosis.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
The urban green-compost ground cover significantly increased percent AMF colonization in strawberry and apple rootstocks compared with the other ground covers.
- Taxon
- strawberry plant
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassae0 - Treatment
- GC ground covere1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- percent colonization of AMFe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- apple rootstockse0
- Comparator
- other ground coverse1
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“strawberry plant (Frageria x ananassa cv. Radiance) and apple rootstocks (Malus x domestica, cv. M. 26) grown in a greenhouse”
e1“The GC ground cover significantly increased percent colonization of AMF compared to other ground covers”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF infection did not affect plant biomass, root volume or root surface area.
- Taxon
- strawberry plantFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- AMF infectione1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- plant biomass, root volume, root surface areae1
- Direction
- did not affecte1
- Qualifier
- apple rootstockse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strawberry plant (Frageria x ananassa cv. Radiance) and apple rootstocks (Malus x domestica, cv. M. 26) grown in a greenhouse”
e1“AMF infection did not affect plant biomass, root volume, root surface area, root diameter, or leaf area”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF infection did not affect root diameter or leaf area.
- Taxon
- strawberry plantFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- AMF infectione1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- root diameter, or leaf areae1
- Direction
- did not affecte1
- Qualifier
- apple rootstockse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strawberry plant (Frageria x ananassa cv. Radiance) and apple rootstocks (Malus x domestica, cv. M. 26) grown in a greenhouse”
e1“AMF infection did not affect plant biomass, root volume, root surface area, root diameter, or leaf area”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF suppressed root length: plants inoculated with AMF had shorter roots than non-inoculated plants.
- Taxon
- strawberry plantFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- inoculated with AMFe1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- root lengthe1
- Direction
- suppressede1
- Qualifier
- apple rootstockse0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strawberry plant (Frageria x ananassa cv. Radiance) and apple rootstocks (Malus x domestica, cv. M. 26) grown in a greenhouse”
e1“The AMF suppressed root length; plants inoculated with AMF had shorter roots but similar root volume to compared to non-inoculated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The ground covers had no effect on symbiotic AMF benefits.
- Taxon
- strawberry plantFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- ground coverse1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- symbiotic AMF benefitse1
- Direction
- no effecte1
- Qualifier
- apple rootstockse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strawberry plant (Frageria x ananassa cv. Radiance) and apple rootstocks (Malus x domestica, cv. M. 26) grown in a greenhouse”
e1“the ground covers in this study had no effect on symbiotic AMF benefits”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest that the green-compost treatment may have contributed more nutrition through its media composition of smaller particle size and lower lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose content.
- Taxon
- strawberry plantFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- GC treatmente1
- Outcome
- nutritione1
- Qualifier
- a smaller particle size and a decreased lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose contente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strawberry plant (Frageria x ananassa cv. Radiance) and apple rootstocks (Malus x domestica, cv. M. 26) grown in a greenhouse”
e1“The GC treatment may have disproportionately contributed more nutrition by media composition of a smaller particle size and a decreased lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose content compared to other ground cover treatments”
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See all 61 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.