Abstract
Silicon (Si) has been known to regulate plant growth; however, the underlying mechanisms of short-term exogenous Si application on the regulation of calcium (Ca) and nitrogen (N), endogenous phytohormones, and expression of essential proteins have been little understood. Exogenous Si application significantly increased Si content as compared to the control. Among Si treatments, 1.0 mM Si application showed increased phosphorus content as compared to other Si treatments (0.5, 2.0, and 4.0 mM). However, Ca accumulation was significantly reduced (1.8- to 2.0-fold) at the third-leaf stage in the control, whereas all Si treatments exhibited a dose-dependent increase in Ca as determined by radioisotope 45Ca analysis. Similarly, the radioisotope 15N for nitrogen localization and uptake showed a varying but reduced response (ranging from 1.03–10.8%) to different Si concentrations as compared to 15N application alone. Physiologically active endogenous gibberellin (GA1) was also significantly higher with exogenous Si (1.0 mM) as compared to GA20 and the control plants. A similar response was noted for endogenous jasmonic and salicylic acid synthesis in rice plants with Si application. Proteomic analysis revealed the activation of several essential proteins, such as Fe-S precursor protein, putative thioredoxin, Ser/Thr phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (G6P), and importin alpha-1b (Imp3), with Si application. Among the most-expressed proteins, confirmatory gene expression analysis for G6P and Imp3 showed a similar response to those of the Si treatments. In conclusion, the current results suggest that short-term exogenous Si can significantly regulate rice plant physiology by influencing Ca, N, endogenous phytohormones, and proteins, and that 1.0 mM Si application is more beneficial to plants than higher concentrations.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon application significantly increased rice silicon content against the control.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- Exogenous Si applicatione0
- Outcome
- Si contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous Si application significantly increased Si content as compared to the control”
t0“Oryza sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The 1.0 mM silicon treatment increased phosphorus content compared with the other silicon doses.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 1.0 mM Si applicatione0
- Outcome
- phosphorus contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- other Si treatments (0.5, 2.0, and 4.0 mM)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1.0 mM Si application showed increased phosphorus content as compared to other Si treatments (0.5, 2.0, and 4.0 mM)”
t0“Oryza sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium accumulation was significantly reduced 1.8- to 2.0-fold in control rice at the third-leaf stage.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- third-leaf stagee0
- Outcome
- Ca accumulatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 1.8- to 2.0-folde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ca accumulation was significantly reduced (1.8- to 2.0-fold) at the third-leaf stage in the control”
t0“Oryza sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon treatments produced a dose-dependent increase in calcium.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Si treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Cae0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all Si treatments exhibited a dose-dependent increase in Ca as determined by radioisotope 45Ca analysis”
t0“Oryza sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon treatments reduced nitrogen localization and uptake by 1.03–10.8% versus nitrogen alone.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- different Si concentrationse0
- Outcome
- nitrogen localization and uptakee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 1.03–10.8%e0
- Comparator
- 15N application alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nitrogen localization and uptake showed a varying but reduced response (ranging from 1.03–10.8%) to different Si concentrations as compared to 15N application alone”
t0“Oryza sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 1.0 mM silicon, endogenous GA1 was significantly higher than in control plants.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- exogenous Si (1.0 mM)e0
- Outcome
- endogenous gibberellin (GA1)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- the control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Physiologically active endogenous gibberellin (GA1) was also significantly higher with exogenous Si (1.0 mM) as compared to GA20 and the control plants”
t0“Oryza sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 1.0 mM silicon, endogenous GA1 was significantly higher than GA20.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- exogenous Si (1.0 mM)e0
- Outcome
- endogenous gibberellin (GA1)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- GA20e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Physiologically active endogenous gibberellin (GA1) was also significantly higher with exogenous Si (1.0 mM) as compared to GA20 and the control plants”
t0“Oryza sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon application produced a similar response in endogenous jasmonic acid synthesis.
- Taxon
- rice plantsOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Si applicatione0
- Outcome
- jasmonice0
- Qualifier
- similar responsee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A similar response was noted for endogenous jasmonic and salicylic acid synthesis in rice plants with Si application”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon application produced a similar response in endogenous salicylic acid synthesis.
- Taxon
- rice plantsOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Si applicatione0
- Outcome
- salicylic acid synthesise0
- Qualifier
- similar responsee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A similar response was noted for endogenous jasmonic and salicylic acid synthesis in rice plants with Si application”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon activated Fe-S precursor protein.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Si applicatione0
- Gene
- Fe-S precursor proteine0
- Outcome
- activatione0
- Direction
- activatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“activation of several essential proteins, such as Fe-S precursor protein, putative thioredoxin, Ser/Thr phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (G6P), and importin alpha-1b (Imp3), with Si application”
t0“Oryza sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon activated putative thioredoxin.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Si applicatione0
- Gene
- putative thioredoxine0
- Outcome
- activatione0
- Direction
- activatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“activation of several essential proteins, such as Fe-S precursor protein, putative thioredoxin, Ser/Thr phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (G6P), and importin alpha-1b (Imp3), with Si application”
t0“Oryza sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon activated Ser/Thr phosphatase.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Si applicatione0
- Gene
- Ser/Thr phosphatasee0
- Outcome
- activatione0
- Direction
- activatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“activation of several essential proteins, such as Fe-S precursor protein, putative thioredoxin, Ser/Thr phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (G6P), and importin alpha-1b (Imp3), with Si application”
t0“Oryza sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon activated G6P.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Si applicatione0
- Gene
- glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (G6P)e0
- Outcome
- activatione0
- Direction
- activatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“activation of several essential proteins, such as Fe-S precursor protein, putative thioredoxin, Ser/Thr phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (G6P), and importin alpha-1b (Imp3), with Si application”
t0“Oryza sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon activated Imp3.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Si applicatione0
- Gene
- importin alpha-1b (Imp3)e0
- Outcome
- activatione0
- Direction
- activatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“activation of several essential proteins, such as Fe-S precursor protein, putative thioredoxin, Ser/Thr phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (G6P), and importin alpha-1b (Imp3), with Si application”
t0“Oryza sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
G6P gene expression showed a response similar to the silicon treatments.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Si treatmentse0
- Gene
- G6Pe0
- Outcome
- gene expressione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“confirmatory gene expression analysis for G6P and Imp3 showed a similar response to those of the Si treatments”
t0“Oryza sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Imp3 gene expression showed a response similar to the silicon treatments.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Si treatmentse0
- Gene
- Imp3e0
- Outcome
- gene expressione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“confirmatory gene expression analysis for G6P and Imp3 showed a similar response to those of the Si treatments”
t0“Oryza sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors judged 1.0 mM silicon more beneficial than higher concentrations.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Outcome
- 1.0 mM Si applicatione0
- Comparator
- higher concentrationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1.0 mM Si application is more beneficial to plants than higher concentrations”
t0“Oryza sativa L.”
The same questions in other papers
silicon atom · nutrient: content · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
163 papers in the same direction as this paper · 13 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
173 papers more in this group
See all 177 papers →silicon atom · molecular: expression · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
20 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
22 papers more in this group
See all 26 papers →silicon atom · physiology: hormones · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.