Abstract
Potato late blight (PLB) caused by Phytophthora infestans (Pi) is the most harmful disease in potato production worldwide. In organic farming, copper is used despite its persistence in soil and toxicity to soil organisms. To replace copper, suspensions of powders from three promising botanicals, including bark of buckthorn (Frangula alnus, FA), roots of medicinal rhubarb (Rheum palmatum) and galls of the nutgall tree (Galla chinensis), were tested in multi-year field experiments. The current study shows for the first time that botanicals could replace copper under field conditions and best PLB reduction on leaves was achieved with FA, reaching a level close to that of 2 to 3 kg copper per hectare and year. Better results than with copper were achieved with Phosfik® (Ph), a phosphonate-based product. For both FA and Ph, the mode of action is based on induced resistance, for Ph also on direct fungicidal effects. A disadvantage of Ph is the accumulation of residues in potato tubers. Nevertheless, two to three applications with 2 to 3 L/ha of Ph would be feasible to not exceed a minimal risk level (MLR) of 20 mg/kg of phosphorous acid as proposed by the European Food Safety Authority. Due to an excellent environmental profile and a complex mode of action counteracting Pi resistance, phosphonate-based products would be most suitable for sustainable PLB management in integrated pest management (IPM) programmes.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Frangula alnus (FA) gave the best reduction of potato late blight on leaves, close to that of 2 to 3 kg copper per hectare and year.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosume0 - Treatment
- FAe1
- Interactor
- Phytophthora infestans
Phytophthora infestanse0pathogen - Outcome
- PLB reduction on leavese1
- Direction
- beste1
- Comparator
- coppere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Potato late blight (PLB) caused by Phytophthora infestans (Pi) is the most harmful disease in potato production worldwide”
e1“best PLB reduction on leaves was achieved with FA, reaching a level close to that of 2 to 3 kg copper per hectare and year”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosfik (Ph), a phosphonate product, gave better results than copper.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- Phosfik® (Ph)e2
- Interactor
- Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanse0pathogen
- Outcome
- resultse2
- Direction
- Bettere2
- Comparator
- coppere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Potato late blight (PLB) caused by Phytophthora infestans (Pi) is the most harmful disease in potato production worldwide”
e2“Better results than with copper were achieved with Phosfik® (Ph), a phosphonate-based product”
Claim · model-written summary
FA and Ph act mainly by induced resistance; Ph also acts by direct fungicidal effects.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- FAe3
- Outcome
- mode of actione3
- Qualifier
- induced resistancee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Potato late blight (PLB) caused by Phytophthora infestans (Pi) is the most harmful disease in potato production worldwide”
e3“For both FA and Ph, the mode of action is based on induced resistance, for Ph also on direct fungicidal effects”
Claim · model-written summary
Ph residues accumulate in potato tubers, a disadvantage of Ph.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Outcome
- accumulation of residues in potato tuberse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Potato late blight (PLB) caused by Phytophthora infestans (Pi) is the most harmful disease in potato production worldwide”
e4“A disadvantage of Ph is the accumulation of residues in potato tubers”
Claim · model-written summary
Two to three applications of 2 to 3 L/ha Ph would keep residues from exceeding the 20 mg/kg minimal risk level.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- two to three applications with 2 to 3 L/ha of Phe5
- Outcome
- not exceed a minimal risk level (MLR) of 20 mg/kge5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Potato late blight (PLB) caused by Phytophthora infestans (Pi) is the most harmful disease in potato production worldwide”
e5“two to three applications with 2 to 3 L/ha of Ph would be feasible to not exceed a minimal risk level (MLR) of 20 mg/kg of phosphorous acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphonate-based products are most suitable for sustainable PLB management in integrated pest management programmes.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Outcome
- sustainable PLB management in integrated pest management (IPM) programmese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Potato late blight (PLB) caused by Phytophthora infestans (Pi) is the most harmful disease in potato production worldwide”
e6“phosphonate-based products would be most suitable for sustainable PLB management in integrated pest management (IPM) programmes”
Claim · model-written summary
Botanicals could replace copper for potato late blight control under field conditions.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- botanicalse7
- Outcome
- replace coppere7
- Direction
- could replacee7
- Comparator
- coppere7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Potato late blight (PLB) caused by Phytophthora infestans (Pi) is the most harmful disease in potato production worldwide”
e7“The current study shows for the first time that botanicals could replace copper under field conditions”
The same questions in other papers
ph · Phytophthora infestans · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
botanical · nutrient: content · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.