Abstract
High nitrogen (N) losses by ammonia (NH3) volatilization from urea can compromise nitrogen fertilization efficiency and corn yield. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of irrigation management and the addition of the urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) on NH3-N losses from urea and on corn yield. To this end, two experiments were carried out in the 2011/12 crop season on a sandy clay loam Acrisol in the Central Basin region of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. Experiment I consisted of two different N sources (urea and urea plus the inhibitor) at a rate of 200 kg ha-1 N and two corn sowing times [viz., an early time (Sept. 3, 2011) and an intermediate time (Oct. 3, 2011)]. Experiment II considered a combination of three irrigation management systems (viz., without irrigation on the fertilization day and on the next 7 days; 20 mm of water immediately before N fertilization; and 20 mm water after N fertilization) and two N sources (urea and urea plus the inhibitor) at 150 kg ha-1 N. A control treatment without topdressed N fertilization was also performed in parallel with the two experiments. The NH3-N losses from common urea increased with increasing soil moisture in Experiment I (25 % applied N), and with irrigation before N fertilization in Experiment II (27 % applied N). The inhibitor reduced NH3-N losses from urea by 46 to 80 %. Also, irrigation after fertilization reduced ammonia volatilization by 83 % on average, with little effect from the inhibitor. The effects of the inhibitor and post-fertilization irrigation on the mitigation of NH3 losses by volatilization from urea were not additive; in addition, they led to no increase in corn yield.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
NH3-N losses from urea increased with increasing soil moisture in Experiment I (25 % of applied N).
- Taxon
- Corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst1 - Treatment
- increasing soil moisturee0
- Outcome
- NH3-N losses from common ureae0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 25 %e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“No-Till Corn”
e0“The NH3-N losses from common urea increased with increasing soil moisture in Experiment I (25 % applied N), and with irrigation before N fertilization in Experiment II (27 % applied N)”
Claim · model-written summary
NH3-N losses from urea increased with irrigation before N fertilization in Experiment II (27 % of applied N).
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst1
- Treatment
- irrigation before N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- NH3-N losses from common ureae0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 27 %e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“No-Till Corn”
e0“The NH3-N losses from common urea increased with increasing soil moisture in Experiment I (25 % applied N), and with irrigation before N fertilization in Experiment II (27 % applied N)”
Claim · model-written summary
The urease inhibitor NBPT reduced NH3-N losses from urea by 46 to 80 %.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst1
- Treatment
- urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT)e1
- Outcome
- NH3-N losses from ureae2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- 46 to 80 %e2
- Comparator
- ureae2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“No-Till Corn”
e1“the addition of the urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT)”
e2“The inhibitor reduced NH3-N losses from urea by 46 to 80 %”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation after fertilization reduced ammonia volatilization from urea by 83 % on average.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst1
- Treatment
- irrigation after fertilizatione3
- Outcome
- ammonia volatilizatione3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 83 %e3
- Qualifier
- on averagee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“No-Till Corn”
e3“irrigation after fertilization reduced ammonia volatilization by 83 % on average, with little effect from the inhibitor”
Claim · model-written summary
The urease inhibitor had little effect on ammonia volatilization when irrigation was applied after fertilization.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst1
- Treatment
- inhibitore3
- Outcome
- ammonia volatilizatione3
- Direction
- little effecte3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“No-Till Corn”
e3“irrigation after fertilization reduced ammonia volatilization by 83 % on average, with little effect from the inhibitor”
Claim · model-written summary
The effects of the inhibitor and post-fertilization irrigation on NH3 volatilization losses from urea were not additive.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst1
- Treatment
- inhibitor and post-fertilization irrigatione4
- Outcome
- mitigation of NH3 losses by volatilization from ureae4
- Direction
- not additivee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“No-Till Corn”
e4“The effects of the inhibitor and post-fertilization irrigation on the mitigation of NH3 losses by volatilization from urea were not additive”
Claim · model-written summary
The inhibitor combined with post-fertilization irrigation led to no increase in corn yield.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst1
- Treatment
- inhibitor and post-fertilization irrigatione5
- Outcome
- corn yielde5
- Direction
- no increasee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“No-Till Corn”
e5“The effects of the inhibitor and post-fertilization irrigation on the mitigation of NH3 losses by volatilization from urea were not additive; in addition, they led to no increase in corn yield”
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