Abstract
Gray mold rot, caused by Botrytis cinerea, is one of the most economically significant postharvest diseases in pomegranate fruits. The aim of the current study is to evaluate Mangifera indica, Thymus vulgaris, Origanum majorana, Salix mucronata, Cinnamomum cassia and Zingiber officinale extracts and biocontrol agents for controlling gray mold disease on pomegranate. In vitro results showed that T. vulgaris (T.v), C. cassia (C.c) and Z. officinale (Z.o) extracts possessed highly significant antifungal activities as they completely inhibited the radial growth of B. cinerea at the concentrations of 30000, 20000 and 30000 ppm, respectively. The combination of the aforementioned plant extracts and fungicide Flusilazole (Flu) overcomes the potency of Flu or the plant extracts alone specially C.c+Flu at the rate of (2:1; v/v) since it inhibited the radial growth of B. cinerea with 89.6% inhibition compared to the control. The study also proved that using the aforementioned plant extracts alone or in combination with Flu as well as the bacterial antagonists (Bacillus subtilis or Pseudomonas fluorescens) significantly reduced the loss in fruit weight. Furthermore, they also prolonged the storage period of pomegranate fruits and maintained high-quality parameters including soluble solids content and titratable acidity after cold storage at 5±1°C and 90% RH. In conclusion, using fungicides in controlling pomegranate fruit rots can be reduced by using the aforementioned plant extracts, bacterial antagonists and by reducing the concentration of fungicide through combining the plant extracts with half or one-third of the fungicide recommended dose to maintain eco-system safety and human health.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Thymus vulgaris extract completely inhibited Botrytis cinerea radial growth at 30000 ppm in vitro.
- Taxon
- pomegranate
Punica granatumt0 - Treatment
- T. vulgaris (T.v)e0
- Interactor
- B. cinerea
Botrytis cinereae0pathogen - Outcome
- radial growth of B. cinereae0
- Direction
- completely inhibitede0
- Value
- 30000 ppme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pomegranate fruits”
e0“T. vulgaris (T.v), C. cassia (C.c) and Z. officinale (Z.o) extracts possessed highly significant antifungal activities as they completely inhibited the radial growth of B. cinerea at the concentrations of 30000, 20000 and 30000 ppm, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cinnamomum cassia extract completely inhibited Botrytis cinerea radial growth at 20000 ppm in vitro.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatumt0
- Treatment
- C. cassia (C.c)e0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Outcome
- radial growth of B. cinereae0
- Direction
- completely inhibitede0
- Value
- 20000e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pomegranate fruits”
e0“T. vulgaris (T.v), C. cassia (C.c) and Z. officinale (Z.o) extracts possessed highly significant antifungal activities as they completely inhibited the radial growth of B. cinerea at the concentrations of 30000, 20000 and 30000 ppm, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Zingiber officinale extract completely inhibited Botrytis cinerea radial growth at 30000 ppm in vitro.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatumt0
- Treatment
- Z. officinale (Z.o)e0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Outcome
- radial growth of B. cinereae0
- Direction
- completely inhibitede0
- Value
- 30000 ppme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pomegranate fruits”
e0“T. vulgaris (T.v), C. cassia (C.c) and Z. officinale (Z.o) extracts possessed highly significant antifungal activities as they completely inhibited the radial growth of B. cinerea at the concentrations of 30000, 20000 and 30000 ppm, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
C. cassia plus Flusilazole at 2:1 inhibited Botrytis radial growth by 89.6% versus control and exceeded either treatment alone.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatumt0
- Treatment
- C.c+Flu at the rate of (2:1; v/v)e0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Outcome
- radial growth of B. cinereae0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 89.6%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pomegranate fruits”
e0“C.c+Flu at the rate of (2:1; v/v) since it inhibited the radial growth of B. cinerea with 89.6% inhibition compared to the control”
e1“overcomes the potency of Flu or the plant extracts alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant extracts alone or combined with Flu significantly reduced pomegranate fruit weight loss.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatumt0
- Treatment
- plant extracts alone or in combination with Flue0
- Outcome
- loss in fruit weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pomegranate fruits”
e0“using the aforementioned plant extracts alone or in combination with Flu as well as the bacterial antagonists (Bacillus subtilis or Pseudomonas fluorescens) significantly reduced the loss in fruit weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis significantly reduced pomegranate fruit weight loss.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatumt0
- Treatment
- Bacillus subtilise0
- Interactor
- Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- loss in fruit weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pomegranate fruits”
e0“bacterial antagonists (Bacillus subtilis or Pseudomonas fluorescens) significantly reduced the loss in fruit weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas fluorescens significantly reduced pomegranate fruit weight loss.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatumt0
- Treatment
- Pseudomonas fluorescense0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas fluorescens
.JPG?width=60)
Pseudomonas fluorescense0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- loss in fruit weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“pomegranate fruits”
e0“bacterial antagonists (Bacillus subtilis or Pseudomonas fluorescens) significantly reduced the loss in fruit weight”
Claim · model-written summary
The tested treatments prolonged pomegranate storage and maintained soluble solids and titratable acidity under cold storage.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatume0
- Treatment
- plant extracts alone or in combination with Flu as well as the bacterial antagonistse1
- Outcome
- storage periode0
- Direction
- prolongede0
- Setting
- cold storage at 5±1°C and 90% RHe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pomegranate fruits”
e0“they also prolonged the storage period of pomegranate fruits and maintained high-quality parameters including soluble solids content and titratable acidity after cold storage at 5±1°C and 90% RH”
e1“plant extracts alone or in combination with Flu as well as the bacterial antagonists”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend replacing some fungicide with extracts and bacterial antagonists, including mixtures with half or one-third of the recommended dose.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatumt0
- Outcome
- reducing the concentration of fungicidee0
- Value
- half or one-third of the fungicide recommended dosee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pomegranate fruits”
e0“using the aforementioned plant extracts, bacterial antagonists and by reducing the concentration of fungicide through combining the plant extracts with half or one-third of the fungicide recommended dose”
The same questions in other papers
Bacillus subtilis · yield · Punica granatum (pomegranate)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Pseudomonas fluorescens · yield · Punica granatum (pomegranate)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
botanical · yield · Punica granatum (pomegranate)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.