Paper · 1982 · Annals of Applied Biology

Specificity and mode of action of BTS 44584 and chlormequat chloride on wheat and soybeans

AILEEN R. SMITH; T. H. THOMAS; J. F. GARROD

5
claims
5
verbatim quotes
5
citations
2
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

SUMMARY The selective action of the growth retardants chlormequat chloride and BTS 44584 on the growth of wheat and soybean was investigated. Chlormequat chloride retarded the growth of wheat whether applied as a seed soak, foliar spray or soil drench, at concentrations from 10 ‐2 M to 10 ‐4 M, although effectiveness depended on the age of the plant at application. BTS 44584 retarded the growth of wheat only when applied to the seeds. In soybeans, chlormequat chloride did not retard elongation growth when applied as a seed soak but showed some effects when applied as a foliar spray and more especially as a soil drench. Irrespective of the type of application, treatment with BTS 44584 retarded growth of soybeans. Thus, the selective action of the two compounds was not solely related to different species but also to timing and mode of application.

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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 5

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Chlormequat chloride retarded wheat growth whether applied as a seed soak, foliar spray or soil drench at 10 ‐2 M to 10 ‐4 M.

Treatment
chlormequat chloridee1
Outcome
growthe1
Direction
retardede1
Value
10 ‐2 M to 10 ‐4 Me1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Chlormequat chloride retarded the growth of wheat whether applied as a seed soak, foliar spray or soil drench, at concentrations from 10 ‐2 M to 10 ‐4 M”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 142–294 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

BTS 44584 retarded wheat growth only when applied to the seeds.

Treatment
BTS 44584e2
Outcome
growthe2
Direction
retardede2
Qualifier
only when applied to the seedse2

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e2

“BTS 44584 retarded the growth of wheat only when applied to the seeds”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 368–437 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Chlormequat chloride did not retard soybean elongation growth when applied as a seed soak.

Taxon
soybeansGlycine maxe3
Treatment
chlormequat chloridee3
Outcome
elongation growthe3
Direction
did not retarde3
Qualifier
when applied as a seed soake3

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e3

“In soybeans, chlormequat chloride did not retard elongation growth when applied as a seed soak but showed some effects when applied as a foliar spray and more especially as a soil drench”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 439–625 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Chlormequat chloride showed some effects on soybean when applied as a foliar spray and especially as a soil drench.

Taxon
soybeansGlycine maxe3
Treatment
chlormequat chloridee3
Outcome
effectse3
Direction
some effectse3
Qualifier
when applied as a foliar spray and more especially as a soil drenche3

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e3

“In soybeans, chlormequat chloride did not retard elongation growth when applied as a seed soak but showed some effects when applied as a foliar spray and more especially as a soil drench”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 439–625 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Irrespective of application type, BTS 44584 retarded soybean growth.

Taxon
soybeansGlycine maxe4
Treatment
BTS 44584e4
Outcome
growthe4
Direction
retardede4
Qualifier
Irrespective of the type of applicatione4

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e4

“Irrespective of the type of application, treatment with BTS 44584 retarded growth of soybeans”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 627–720 · show in text ↑

chlormequat chloride · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ

49 papers: 37 positive, 12 negative or no effect

36 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. no effect
  3. negative

45 papers more in this group

See all 49 papers →

chlormequat chloride · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results

7 papers: 4 positive, 3 negative or no effect

2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

3 papers more in this group

See all 7 papers →

chloride · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results

8 papers: 5 positive, 3 negative or no effect

2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

4 papers more in this group

See all 8 papers →

chloride · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

17 papers: 11 positive, 6 negative or no effect

10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. negative
  3. no effect

13 papers more in this group

See all 17 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.