Abstract
Abstract Ground cover rice production system (GCRPS), i.e., paddy soils being covered by thin plastic films with soil moisture being maintained nearly saturated status, is a promising technology as increased yields are achieved with less irrigation water. However, increased soil aeration and temperature under GCRPS may cause pollution swapping in greenhouse gas (GHG) from CH 4 to N 2 O emissions. A 2-year experiment was performed, taking traditional rice cultivation as a reference, to assess the impacts of N-fertilizer placement methods on CH 4 , N 2 O and NO emissions and rice yields under GCRPS. Averaging across all rice seasons and N-fertilizer treatments, the GHG emissions for GCRPS were 1973 kg CO 2 -eq ha −1 (or 256 kg CO 2 -eq Mg −1 ), which is significantly lower than that of traditional cultivation (4186 kg CO 2 -eq ha −1 or 646 kg CO 2 -eq Mg −1 ). Furthermore, if urea was placed at a 10–15 cm soil depth instead of broadcasting, the yield-scaled GHG emissions from GCRPS were further reduced from 377 to 222 kg CO 2 -eq Mg −1 , as N 2 O emissions greatly decreased while yields increased. Urea deep placement also reduced yield-scaled NO emissions by 54%. Therefore, GCRPS with urea deep placement is a climate- and environment-smart management, which allows for maximal rice yields at minimal GHG and NO emissions.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Ground cover rice production had lower greenhouse gas emissions per area than traditional cultivation.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- GCRPSe0
- Outcome
- GHG emissionse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 1973 kg CO 2 -eq ha −1e0
- Qualifier
- 4186 kg CO 2 -eq ha −1e0
- Comparator
- traditional cultivatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“the GHG emissions for GCRPS were 1973 kg CO 2 -eq ha −1 (or 256 kg CO 2 -eq Mg −1 ), which is significantly lower than that of traditional cultivation (4186 kg CO 2 -eq ha −1 or 646 kg CO 2 -eq Mg −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Ground cover rice production had lower yield-scaled greenhouse gas emissions than traditional cultivation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- GCRPSe0
- Outcome
- GHG emissionse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 256 kg CO 2 -eq Mg −1e0
- Qualifier
- 646 kg CO 2 -eq Mg −1e0
- Comparator
- traditional cultivatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“the GHG emissions for GCRPS were 1973 kg CO 2 -eq ha −1 (or 256 kg CO 2 -eq Mg −1 ), which is significantly lower than that of traditional cultivation (4186 kg CO 2 -eq ha −1 or 646 kg CO 2 -eq Mg −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep urea placement reduced yield-scaled greenhouse gas emissions from 377 to 222 kg CO2-equivalent per Mg under GCRPS.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- urea was placed at a 10–15 cm soil depthe0
- Outcome
- yield-scaled GHG emissionse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 377 to 222 kg CO 2 -eq Mg −1e0
- Comparator
- broadcastinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“if urea was placed at a 10–15 cm soil depth instead of broadcasting, the yield-scaled GHG emissions from GCRPS were further reduced from 377 to 222 kg CO 2 -eq Mg −1”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep urea placement greatly decreased N2O emissions.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- urea was placed at a 10–15 cm soil depthe0
- Outcome
- N 2 O emissionse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- broadcastinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“if urea was placed at a 10–15 cm soil depth instead of broadcasting, the yield-scaled GHG emissions from GCRPS were further reduced from 377 to 222 kg CO 2 -eq Mg −1 , as N 2 O emissions greatly decreased while yields increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep urea placement increased rice yields.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- urea was placed at a 10–15 cm soil depthe0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- broadcastinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“if urea was placed at a 10–15 cm soil depth instead of broadcasting, the yield-scaled GHG emissions from GCRPS were further reduced from 377 to 222 kg CO 2 -eq Mg −1 , as N 2 O emissions greatly decreased while yields increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep urea placement reduced yield-scaled NO emissions by 54%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Urea deep placemente0
- Outcome
- yield-scaled NO emissionse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 54%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“Urea deep placement also reduced yield-scaled NO emissions by 54%.”
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See all 2,045 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.